TOBACCO

1. TOBACCO

2. Tobacco • 1982 surgeon general said that smoking is the most important health issue of our time • Identified the effects of cigarette smoking as the chief preventable cause of death in our society • Medical costs of smoking is 8$/pack • Smoking related illness cost 158 billion/yr • Highest smoking rates in Asia, 50-80% of Asian men smoked • 500,000 Americans die each year of an illness related to smoking

3. Who Smokes? • 46.5 million Americans smoke • Kentucky has the highest number of smokers, 31% of population • 22% of American women smoke • 26% of American men smoke • 1500 adolescent girls start smoking each yr • 9% of 8th graders smoke • 20% of 10th graders smoke

4. History • 1920’s considered glamorous and sophisticated to smoke • 1964 first warning came from the surgeon general about smoking, at that time 50% of Americans smoked • 1970 banned advertisements for tobacco from TV and radio

6. Why Do People Smoke? • Social pressure • Peer pressure • Significant other smokes • Susceptibility to advertising • 90% of smokers knew that it was harmful • Underestimated risk of premature death • Men who smoked 25 cigarettes a day thought they had a 50% chance of reaching 75 yrs but only have a 26% chance

7. Physical Dependence • Become dependent on nicotine • Stimulates the brain so that eventually must have nicotine or it is a state of hypo arousal • Smoking releases endorphins (opiate like chemical)

8. Women use it as an appetite suppressant • Decreases hunger pains • Dulls the taste buds • Causes the liver to release more glycogen to keep blood sugar levels normal • Smoking moderate amounts it equivalent to cutting 200 calories per day • One in five people gain 30 lbs within one year of quitting

9. Cigarettes • No such thing as a safe cigarette, even one that is low in tar and nicotine • People just smoke more or inhale deeper • Cigarette smoke • 43 compounds in smoke carcinogenic • Carbon monoxide most toxic component of cigarette smoke • Impairs person’s ability to carry oxygen • Found in concentrations 400 times greater then is considered safe in the workplace • Leads to shortness of breath and decreased endurance

10. Cigarettes • Tar, the non-gaseous part of smoke • Residue from burning tobacco • Highly carcinogenic • Smoke one pack of cigarettes per day collect four ounces of tar in their lungs/yr • Irritant to the lung tissue and may play a role in COPD

11. Health Risks • A lifetime two pack per day smoking habit will shorten your life by 7-8 years • 1/5 of the world’s population dies of a disease related to smoking • 60% increase in cataracts • Increased risk of macular degeneration • Twice a likely to get PID • 70% increase chance of developing hearing loss • Four times greater risk for periodontal disease • Increased risk of degenerative disc disease

12. Health Risks • Cancer • Significant role in almost all cancers • Single most important factor in the development of lung cancer • Rate of lung cancer is 23 times higher for men who smoke • Smokers account for 87% of all lung cancer deaths • Smoke paralyzes the cilia so the cells have direct contact with carcinogenic material

14. Health Risks • Cancer • Smokers have five times the risk of mouth cancer • Risk of larynx cancer increases 6-9 times • Risk of bladder cancer increases 2-3 times • Twice as likely to get colo-rectal cancer • Women smokers double their risk of cervical cancer

15. Health Risks • Emphysema • Destruction of alveoli • Chronic illness • Chronic bronchitis • Inflammation of bronchial tube • Excessive mucous production which narrow the airways • Chronic shortness of breath • Smokers have higher rates of illness overall as well as their families

16. Health Risks • Cardiovascular disease • Smoking doubles your risk of MI • 1/3 of all cardiovascular disease is related to smoking • Nicotine increases heart rate and can lead to angina • Nicotine causes vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels and increases blood pressure

17. Health Risks • Cardiovascular • Accelerates atherosclerosis • Increases platlet adhesiveness to form blood clots and leads to MI and strokes • Increases the LDL and lowers the HDL in blood

18. Reproduction • Men • Decreased sperm motility • Decreased fertility • Fewer sperm produced • Contributes to male impotence, decreased blood flow to the penis • Women • Early menopause by an average of two years • Low levels of estrogen

19. Health Risks • Pregnancy • Smoking during pregnancy kills approx 1000 infants per year • Carbon monoxide means less oxygen to the fetus • Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and less blood to the fetus • Increased number of miscarriages

20. Pregnancy • Small birth weight babies • Premature babies • Twice as likely to have a baby with crossed eyes • Twice as likely to have a cleft palate if the mother smoked one pack per day during the first trimester • Nicotine in breast milk decreases fat content and calories

21. Kids • Sudden infant death syndrome • 3.5 times the risk of death if both the mother and father smoke around the child • Faster respiratory rates, take in more poisons • Make take the children of smokers up to the age of 11 before they catch up physically, mentally and emotionally

22. Kids • Second hand smoke causes • 36,000 cases of bronchitis in kids under 18 months • 3000 cases of new childhood asthma each year • Twice as many respiratory illness in kids who live with a smoker

23. Cigars • Second hand cigar smoke more poisonous then second hand cigarette smoke • One cigar equals three cigarettes • Cigar smokers are 3-5 times more likely to die from lung cancer • Large cigars carry nicotine equal to 4-5 cigarettes, absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth

24. Cigars • Limit cigars to special occasions • Hold cigar between the teeth rather then the gums and lips • If not actively smoking put it in an ashtray, not in your mouth • Conduct monthly self exams for irregularities or bumps in your mouth

25. Chewing Tobacco • Chew, snuff, dip • Nicotine absorbed through the mucous membranes and you become addicted • Cancer of the mouth, tongue, lips • Periodontal disease • Metastasizes easily to the brain • Facial deformities after surgery

30. Clove Cigarettes • Bidis • Cloves comprise 40% of cigarette, tobacco is the rest • Indonesian cigarettes contain 3 times amount of nicotine and 5 times the tar of regular cigarettes • Contain a mild anesthetic hides early warning signs

31. Passive Smoke • Mainstream smoke • Inhaled and exhaled by the smoker • Side stream smoke • More dangerous • Not filtered by cigarette filter or the body • Contains more nicotine, carbon monoxide (3xs) and tar then the smoker takes it

32. Passive Smoke • Side stream smoke • Each pack that is smoked, the nonsmoker takes in 3-4 cigarettes • If you are married to a smoker 3xs more likely to have a heart attack

33. Quitting • Very difficult • Fewer then 5% of those who stopped smoking can kick the habit for a year • 70% of Americans who smoke want to stop • Ex-heroin addicts say it is easier to quit drugs then to quit smoking • Men are more likely to quit then women

34. Quitting • Withdrawal symptoms • Nausea • Headache • Hunger • Irritability • Anxious • Hostile • Crave tobacco

35. Quitting • Cold turkey • Smoking cessation programs • Filters • Nicotine replacements • Gum • Patch