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Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma . Cancer: Malignant neoplasm. Class of diseases in which groups of cells displays the traits of: Uncontrolled growth Invasion or destruction of adjacent tissues Metastasis- spread to other locations in the body via blood or lymph.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

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  1. Hepatocellular carcinoma

  2. Cancer: Malignant neoplasm • Class of diseases in which groups of cells displays the traits of: • Uncontrolled growth • Invasion or destruction of adjacent tissues • Metastasis- spread to other locations in the body via blood or lymph. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma >

  3. Cancer • Apoptosis- a form of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. • Insufficient amount of apoptosis results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma >

  4. Nomenclature • Tumor- abnormal swelling, lump or mass. • Neoplasm- scientific term to describe an abnormal proliferation of cells. • Carcinoma- malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells ( cells that make up layers in the body). Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma >

  5. Most Common Forms of Cancer • MEN Prostate Cancer Lung cancer Colon Cancer Pancreatic Cancer • WOMEN Lung Cancer Brest Cancer Colon Cancer Ovarian Cancer Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma >

  6. Hepatocellular Carcinoma • Primarily cancer of the liver. • Secondary to either a viral hepatitide inflection (Hepatitis B or C) • In countries were hepatitis is not edemic, most cancers are not HCC. Making this a rare disease in the United States. Outside the United States it’s the number 1 or 2 leading liver cancers. Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma >

  7. Symptoms • HCC presents late in the courses of hepatitis and cirrhosis without preceding liver troubles in about 10-50% of patients. • Late symptoms are: • Vague • Weight loss • Abdominal pain • Jaundice( yellow skin) Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000280.htm#Signs%20and%20tests.

  8. Diagnosis • Physical exam shows an enlarged, tender liver • A liver biopsy shows HHC • the serum alpha fetoprotein ( protein normally produced by the liver after birth) becomes elevated. • Liver enzymes are elevated. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000280.htm#Signs%20and%20tests.

  9. Treatment • Curative treatment can be attempted with surgical resection or liver transplant in the early stages of the disease. • Radiotherapy can help relieve the pain, yet chemotherapy has not been very successful. • Cisplatin has been the most successful drug, with response rates of lower than 10% “Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. 21 April 2008. < http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=601#How_is_it_treated? >.

  10. Cisplatin • Is a platinum- based chemotherapy drug used to treat different types of cancer. • It was the first member of its class of cancer drugs which induces apoptosis “Cisplatin.” 22 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin >.

  11. Treatment • The only treatment used continuously is Radiofrequency tumour ablation: • Surgical treatment that uses heat to destroy abnormal tissue in the body. It can only be used if surgery is not an option “Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. 21 April 2008. < http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=601#How_is_it_treated? >.

  12. Probable Outcomes • “Overall the prognosis in most cases of heptatocellular carcinoma is poor with survival rarely more than 6 months after disgnosis.” • Liver transplant is an option for patients with beginning stages of the disease. “Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. 21 April 2008. < http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=601#How_is_it_treated? >.

  13. Prevention • The only way to prevent HHC is to prevent Hepatitis A and B and cirrhosis. • Strong evidence shows that HHC can be prevented by stopping Hepatitis B transmission from mother to child during birth. “Liver Cancer.” 21April2008.< http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/hepatocellular/healthprofessional/allpages/print >.

  14. Work Cited • “Cisplatin.” 22 April 2008. < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin >. • “Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma . • Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” 21 April 2008. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000280.htm#Signs%20and%20tests. • “Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. 21 April 2008. < http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=601#How_is_it_treated? >.

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