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Mangroves

Mangroves. Mallory Perillo, Luke Soucie , Jacob Wiggins. Mangroves. Type of wetland found in tropical and subtropical regions near the coast. Abiotic Factors. Mix of fresh water and salt water Frequent flooding from tides Nutrients = Nitrogen and Phosphorus Tropical climate

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Mangroves

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  1. Mangroves Mallory Perillo, Luke Soucie, Jacob Wiggins

  2. Mangroves • Type of wetland found in tropical and subtropical regions near the coast

  3. Abiotic Factors • Mix of fresh water and salt water • Frequent flooding from tides • Nutrients = Nitrogen and Phosphorus • Tropical climate • Average temperature = 72 degrees Fahrenheit

  4. Plant Adaptations • Plants must be able to survive in fresh and salt water… • Pneumatophores: snorkel –like roots that stick out of the mud to help plant take in air • Halophytic: mangrove plants are salt-loving • Plants must be able to survive in coastal areas… • Prop roots/ buttresses: used to keep tree trunks upright in soft sediments

  5. Structure of Community • Wide diversity of organisms • Food Chain: • Bacteria, decomposers, and filter feeders • Billions of worms, protozoa, barnacles, oysters, and other invertebrates • These feed fish and shrimp • Wading Birds, Pelicans, and Crocodiles eat these fish

  6. Structure of Community • Canopy = where birds nest • Roots = where shell fish attach, where snakes and crocodiles hunt • Mangroves are a… • Nursery ground for fish • Food source for monkeys, deer, tree-climbing crabs, kangaroos • Nectar source for bats and honeybees

  7. Ecosystem Services • Food, Nesting, & Nursing Grounds • Network of roots = shelter & food source for fish, prawns, and crabs • Supply coastal communities with sustainable food source • Improved access to safe water and sanitation • Natural filtering system • Can absorb pollutants (heavy metals, toxin materials, nutrients, and suspended matter) • Prevent sediment from washing downstream • Protects coral reefs and sea grasses

  8. Ecosystem Services • Protection from Environmental Shocks • Natural barrier to protect shore from typhoons and tsunamis • Absorbs 70-90% of wind-generated wave energy • Carbon Dioxide Absorption • Mangroves can store carbon in sediment = lessens impact of global warming

  9. Ecosystem Goods • Rich and diverse habitat provide… • Firewood • Medicine • Food • Construction Materials

  10. Harm Caused by Humans • Fertilizers • Nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers cause large amounts of algae to grow • Algae covers water surface and uses up ecosystems nutrients • Blocks sunlight • Dead algae is eaten by bacteria = increase in bacteria population • Bacteria use up all of oxygen = kills off many aquatic animals • Called “eutrophication”

  11. Harm Caused by Humans • Heated Water • From electric power plants & desalination plants • Makes it more difficult for water to dissolve oxygen • Loss of oxygen harms aquatic life • Acid Precipitation • Inorganic chemical pollution & acid rain lead to increased acidity in water • Kills off fish and other aquatic organisms

  12. Harm Caused by Humans • Pesticides • Agricultural chemicals meant to kill/limit growth of certain pests • Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides • Common source of pollution • Irrigation, groundwater flow, and run off lead these toxins to mangrove wetlands

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