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POMPEII HERCULANEUM THE URBAN PLAN

THE URBAN PLAN. The typical Roman city had more public places and a more obviously public character than other cities.The Forum was the epicenter of intense religious, economic political and social activityThe urban layout of Pompeii and Herculaneum reflect , not only its historical development b

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POMPEII HERCULANEUM THE URBAN PLAN

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    1. POMPEII & HERCULANEUM THE URBAN PLAN

    2. THE URBAN PLAN The typical Roman city had more public places and a more obviously public character than other cities. The Forum was the epicenter of intense religious, economic political and social activity The urban layout of Pompeii and Herculaneum reflect , not only its historical development but the central role played by the Forum and the towns relationship with the hinterland

    6. The best preserved gates in Pompeii are Marina Gate, Stabiana Gate, Nolana Gate, and Ercolanense Gate. The Vesuvius Gate and Sarno Gate have been almost entirely destroyed.

    7. Porta marina gatePorta marina gate

    8. Vesuvian Gate

    9. Porta de Nola

    10. Porta Marina

    11. Necropolis outside Porta Nocera

    12. Elements of Streetscapes Streetscapes represent the interrelationship between buildings, landscape and open spaces in the street scene. Elements of streetscape are sidewalks, benches, fountains, street paving, crosswalks , public art and plantings.

    13. VIA DELL’ ABBONDANZA

    14. Drainage On either side of the principal streets there were raised pavements or sidewalks As the streets contained running water and garbage, large stepping stones were placed to enable pedestrians to cross. Ancient wagons were usually high enough to clear the stones. Stepping stones were made from volcanic tufa Since they were intended to make the pedestrian's life easier, they tell something about the expected or customary flow of traffic and perhaps reveal the extent or status of that traffic

    15. Paving in Pompeii The center of the road is raised to allow water to run off into the gutters. The small white stones, ingeniously inserted randomly between the large stones, allowed people and animals to see the road after dark. Sidewalks, provided on each side of the road for pedestrians, also often contained some white tiles or small white stones to aid nighttime visibility. The closer one moves to the Forum, the more frequent the white stones. Note the shape and size of the paving stones. The stones were particularly well fitted together, with gaps less than 3mm.

    16. Streets varied in width, reflecting the relative volume of pedestrian and wheeled traffic

    17. Innocents Abroad- Mark Twain

    18. STREET FOUNTAINS

    20. Standpipes-a high vertical pipe or reservoir that is used to secure a uniform pressure in a water-supply system

    21. Sculptured head, and potruding pipe.

    22. Via Stabiae

    25. Planting in Pompeii The fact that much of the courtyard at the temple of Venus appears to have been paved certainly would not be a hindrance to the planting of vegetation. A number of later public squares and courtyards associated with temples in Rome were paved, but they had cuttings or spaces left in the paving to accommodate trees, bushes, planting beds and water features. Excavation in the north-west part of the courtyard, however, shows that at least along the tufa water channel in front of the northern colonnade there was no paving. Instead, plantings were inserted here. Evidence for a row of such plantings, perhaps myrtle bushes sacred to Venus, are the complete and fragmentary terracotta planting pots inserted into pits, the root cavities of bushes or small trees, and the voids left by wooden stakes to prop up whatever was growing in this planting bed (insert fig. 8). It is not known at the present time where the boundary between the mortar-paved area and the planting bed lay. 

    26. Factors influencing the Urban form of Pompeii

    27. HERCULANEUM

    28. Herculaneum- a unique plan Although only thirty percent of Herculaneum has been excavated , major differences are apparent. The towns orderly succession of rectangular blocks is Greek in its inception Unlike the streets of Pompeii, road surfaces were smooth stone, with no signs of heavy traffic Stepping stones were not necessary due to the underground drainage system No evidence of extensive manufacturing, although there is evidence of fishing and skilled craftsmen To date, no brothels have been found The main street of Herculaneum is 40 feet wide with 12 feet sidewalks on either side. Sidewalks are protected by overhanging roofs. Due to the different volcanic experience, whole two storey houses have been preserved as well as carbonized wooden features.

    33. AERIAL VIEW- HERCULANEUM

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