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Psychology 320: Gender Psychology Lecture 33

Psychology 320: Gender Psychology Lecture 33. Friendship:. 1. Are there sex differences in friendship? (continued). Are there sex differences in friendship? (continued). 5. Perceived closeness (continued):.

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Psychology 320: Gender Psychology Lecture 33

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  1. Psychology 320: Gender PsychologyLecture 33

  2. Friendship: 1. Are there sex differences in friendship? (continued)

  3. Are there sex differences in friendship? (continued) 5. Perceived closeness (continued): • Friendship closeness in same-sex friendships has also been assessed using the Relationship Grid (RG). The RG requires that participants evaluate up to 10 relationships on several “affective” dimensions assessing relationship closeness.

  4. Parker and de Vries, 1993 • Asked female and male participants to complete the RG for up to 10 close friendships. • Found that male same-sex friendships scored lower than female same-sex friendships on appre- ciation, authenticity, connectedness, empathic understanding, responsibility, and self-disclosure. • Found that male same-sex friendships scored higher than female same-sex friendships on control and shared activity.

  5. Affective Dimensions of the RG (Parker & de Vries, 1993)

  6. Notably, male same-sex friendships and female same-sex friendships scored similarly on trust, assistance, deepening other’s self-awareness, empowerment of other, and satisfaction.

  7. 6. Expectations of friendship: • Males have lower expectations of their same-sex friendships than females. • Elkins and Peterson, 1993 • Asked female and male participants to complete the Acquaintance Description Form (ADF) for their actual best friend and ideal best friend. • The ADF assesses the strength, rewards, conflicts, and general favorability of friendships.

  8. Ratings for Actual and Ideal Best Friend for Women and Men*(Elkins & Peterson, 1993) ADF Scores * Gender difference in actual-ideal discrepancy was not significant.

  9. 7. Relationship conflict: • Females experience greater conflict in their same- sex friendships than males. This is evidenced by the following research findings (Benenson & Christakos, 2003): • Females are more likely than males to report that their closest friends did something to hurt them. • Females’ closest friendships are of shorter duration than males’ closest friendships. • Females have more friendships end than males.

  10. When relationship conflict occurs, females and males respond differently: • Studies with children reveal that girls are more likely than boys to compromise and provide justification for their views. Boys are more likely than girls to assert their interests and to employ aggressive strategies (e.g., verbal aggression; Rose & Asher, 1999).

  11. Studies with adults reveal that women are more likely than men to bring up conflict and compromise. Men are more likely than women to be direct in discussion and to express feelings of anger (Helgeson et al., 1987).

  12. Friendship: 1. Are there sex differences in friendship? (continued)

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