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Rowan Reid The University of Melbourne AUSTRALIA With thanks to:

Facilitating farmer participation in timber production. Rowan Reid The University of Melbourne AUSTRALIA With thanks to: The Joint Venture Agroforestry Program & The World Agroforestry Centre. Facilitating farmer participation in timber production. Australia. Vietnam, India, Fiji,

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Rowan Reid The University of Melbourne AUSTRALIA With thanks to:

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  1. Facilitating farmer participation in timber production Rowan Reid The University of Melbourne AUSTRALIA With thanks to: The Joint Venture Agroforestry Program & The World Agroforestry Centre

  2. Facilitating farmer participation in timber production Australia Vietnam, India, Fiji, Kenya, Thailand Vietnam

  3. Pre-European Forests Aust Native Veg Assess 2001, http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/docs/Native_vegetation/nat_veg_preeuropean.cfm http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/compare.htm http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/vegetation_frame.cfm?region_type=AUS&region_code=AUS&info=veg_clearing

  4. Clearing for farming: 1850’s- Arable land area Australia = 6% USA = 19% http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/vegetation_frame.cfm?region_type=AUS&region_code=AUS&info=veg_clearing

  5. Putting back the bush

  6. Land degradationWater Quality Landcare http://audit.ea.gov.au/anra/water/docs/river_assessment/River_assessment.pdf

  7. Industrial Plantation Timber- cleared Ag land http://www.plantations2020.com.au/assets/acrobat/brochure_may2000.PDF

  8. But who owns this land? Private Freehold http://audit.ea.gov.au/anra/people/docs/national/Final%20Audit%20Report%20Vol1.doc

  9. Tree growing projects are about stakeholders needs “Farmers aren’t growing enough trees to combat land degradation.” Or “We need more plantations on farms to underpin future timber supply.”

  10. Farmers are the puppets We know what is required We just need to get farmers to do it

  11. Farmers don’t plant trees for timber • Shelter (Stock/Crops) 75% • Land Protection 50% • Nature Conservation 30% • Aesthetics 10% • Farm timber (fuel,posts) 3% • Commercial timber 1% ABARE ’97, ’00 AFFA ’00 and many others

  12. Trying to change farmers into foresters 9 • Shelter (Stock/Crops) 75% • Land Protection 50% • Nature Conservation 30% • Aesthetics 10% • Farm timber (fuel,posts) 3% • Commercial timber 1% ABARE ’97, ’00 AFFA ’00 and many others

  13. R&DRecipes for Dissemination • Identify timber best-bets • Suitability maps • Economic Analysis • Demonstrations • Publicity • Training

  14. Time: The big impediment • Cash Flow • Risk • Uncertainty • Lack of Proof

  15. Direct Incentives • cost share payments • discounted credit • free inputs (eg trees) • tax concessions • cash/food for labour • But that’s another paper: • http://www.mtg.unimelb.edu.au/publications.htm

  16. Farmer non-adoption is active rejection Not on my place Bruce What you reckon Joe?

  17. Farmers know they can’t compete in ‘this’ game Market power and price Costs and Risk Farmers Corporate growers Increasing Scale of Production

  18. Maybe farmers are only good for their land Land sale Land lease Joint Ventures

  19. Timber plantations in Australia Total plantation area = 1.4 million ha Wood, et al (2001) Plantations of Australia – A report from the National Plantation Inventory and the National Farm Forest Inventory, National Forest Inventory, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. www.brs.gov.au

  20. Plantations on farmers’ land Total area on farmer-owned land is 360,000 Ha 4% of Total Estate Wood, et al (2001) Plantations of Australia – A report from the National Plantation Inventory and the National Farm Forest Inventory, National Forest Inventory, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. www.brs.gov.au

  21. Land sales = conflict Leave with ‘dignity’!

  22. Lease Arrangements Regular payments No (Low) Economic Risk Requires legal framework Farmer has little control

  23. Joint Venture Arrangements Profit Share Forestry Rights Legislation Farmer can influence result

  24. What’s wrong with these? Nothing really…except same picture / same place OK If this suits the farmers BUT It suits very few

  25. The other timber game? Where Farmers have a Comparative Advantage? Costs and Risk Rewards to growers Farmers Industrials

  26. What might it look like? Andrew and Jill Stewart

  27. Independent family forestryTaking Off! Nationally Yan Yan Gurt Catchment Study 1990 – 1% planted 2002 – 16% planted (10 families) Wood, et al (2001) Plantations of Australia – A report from the National Plantation Inventory and the National Farm Forest Inventory, National Forest Inventory, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra. www.brs.gov.au

  28. Farmer/Family timber production is different Fitting timber into the farming landscape Not replacing it! Different R&D needs

  29. Economics is different Conventional test: Net Present Value/ha • 3 tests for farmers: • Is it viable to • Plant? • Own? • Harvest?

  30. Viable to Plant Farmer Practice http://www.ameriteak.com/services.htm Best Practice

  31. Viable to Plant DCF Analysis Best Practice Farmer Practice http://www.ameriteak.com/services.htm

  32. Viable to Plant Common Sense Opportunistic Complementary Low risk Cheap in $ Labour? Enhances capital Best Practice Farmer Practice http://www.ameriteak.com/services.htm

  33. Viable to Own • Build or Underpin Capital • Supports Ag production • Reduces risk • Equates with ‘good’ • Time is less of an issue • EVEN IF IT TAKES LONGER • OR PRODUCES LESS WOOD

  34. Viable to Harvest Return > (Cost + Compensation)

  35. Harvest costs • - Market access • ‘Appropriate’ equipment and skill • Piece size and value • Economies of scale http://www.bambooliving.com/vietharvest.html

  36. Multipurpose timber production 1987

  37. A viable harvest 6 years 15 years

  38. Different timber markets • Market access • Same spp – diff. wood • Point of sale/method • Labelling Thailand Fijian Mahogany in Europe PNG http://www.alastairmcintosh.com/images/png2.htm#nsp%20logging

  39. Farmers get what’s left • Value adding • Mill efficiency/skills • Resource security • Monopoly India

  40. New Markets - Services • Need a buyer, measure and mechanism • Property Rights • Ongoing (Carbon trap) • Reward proportional to service Vietnam http://www.photo.net/us/ne/foliage-backroads

  41. D&D Research Support ‘viable to plant’ Processes underlying need The Role of Trees Design Principles Multipurpose management

  42. Technical ResearchConfidence & Management • New products • Genetics • Silviculture • Harvesting • Marketing • Processing • Value adding Thailand http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/Index.htm#Agroforestry___Farm

  43. Legislation/Regulation • Land Tenure • Personal reward • (Capital/Income) • Forestry Rights • Outcome based • codes of practice • Landholder • responsibility Fiji Vietnam

  44. Extension/Education Knowledge networks Ownership or decision Commitment

  45. Demonstrations The landholder… Not the trees Kenya Vietnam

  46. Evolution not Expansion Multifunctional landscapes evolve to reflect community aspirations and resources Vietnam Vietnam

  47. Timber could well be a part of it Teak - India

  48. Australian Agroforestry R&D Publications http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/Index.htm#Agroforestry___Farm • Design principles – shelter, land deg., biodiversity • Species search (Low rainfall and native timbers) • Product development (Biomass, Composite, Solid) • Multipurpose Design • Environmental Service Markets • Social research and extension • Environmental Risks (Genetic polution, Water etc) • Over 100 reports in last 4 years

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