STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING

1. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Lesley Monk Balfron High School Shelagh Hansom Dunblane High School Diane Smith Arbroath High School Session 2004/5/6

2. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING This slide-show is on the Prepwork folder if you wish to copy any notes from it; we will not be stopping in class for you to do this. This topic is about farming and rural issues, mainly in the United Kingdom. Some of the principles will apply to other countries, but all your examples will be from the UK. Farming is an industry, but it is a special type. Don’t use it in an industry question!

3. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING There are three main types of farming in Britain. What are they? Try the exercise on the next slide. Turn to page 91 of the Human texbook. Read the three definitions in section 12A.

4. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Match the farming type to the appropriate meaning and copy them all into your jotter. Arable Farms - a combination of arable and livestock although one or the other may dominate Livestock Farms - farms growing crops e.g. barley, wheat or potatoes Mixed Farms - farms that rear animals e.g. sheep and cattle

5. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Draw out a table with three headings, shown below. Using the choices box on the next slide, fit each item into its category. ARABLE FARMS LIVESTOCK FARMS MIXED FARMS

6. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING PIGS BARLEY AND SHEEP OATS FOR PORRIDGE POULTRY DAIRY AND WHEAT BEEF CATTLE CARROTS AND TURNIPS APPLES SHEEP RAPESEED HAY OATS AND BEEF CATTLE LETTUCES OSTRICH POTATOES

7. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Farming or agriculture is the growing of crops and rearing of animals. We study farming in Geography for two main reasons firstly- we need farms to provide us with most of the food which we eat, and secondly- farmland takes up a large amount of the land surface in Britain.

8. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 1 Physical Factors Farmers need to make a decision about what type of farm is best suited to their land. The decisions on ‘what to farm’ are based on a combination of factors which can be classified as either physical or human factors. Read through your handout and then fill in the blanks using the words in the box on the next slide.

9. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 2 Minimum arable temperatures pastoral thin 250mm machinery marshy 500mm rainfall fertile sunshine cold Human Factors Read through your handout and then fill in the blanks using the words in the box on the next slide.

10. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Milking equipment encourage milk workforce profit combine harvesters regular machines surpluses What are the physical and human factors that are important to arable farming? (6 Marks KU) Hint: This question is worth 6 marks so make sure you include 6 relevant, well developed points. Beware: You will get a maximum of 4 marks if you fail to mention both physical and human factors, even if you make 6 correct points.

11. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 3 Farming in the UK We have looked at the physical and human factors that influence where each type of farming takes place. Now we will look at the geographical pattern of farming types in the UK

12. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Arable Farming It is located in areas where there is deep, fertile soil and the land is quite flat. It needs a relatively dry climate, reliable rain in the growing season, warm summers and frost in the winter to break up the soil are also necessary. Locations: E & SE England, E Scotland Copy these notes and discuss

13. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Arable Farming

14. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Hill Sheep Farming It is located in areas where the land is unsuitable for growing crops due to the poor climate, the steepness of the slope or the poor soil quality. Sheep are hardier animals and can cope with colder, wetter and windier conditions. Locations: Mountainous areas in the North and West of Scotland Copy these notes and discuss

15. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Hill Sheep Farming

16. Dairy Farming It is located in areas with flat land, fertile well-drained soils, high-quality grass, mild winters and reliable rainfall. Dairy farms also need to be located close to urban markets. Locations:Western parts of England, Scotland and Wales STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Cattle Farming Copy these notes and discuss

17. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Dairy Cattle Farming

18. Beef Cattle Farming It is located in areas with fairly gentle slopes, medium fertile soils, fairly high rainfall and milder temperatures. Locations:Lowland areas in England, Wales and Scotland STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Copy these notes and discuss

19. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING

20. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 4 Market Gardening Read section 12F page 92 of The Human Environment. Fill in the Market Gardening box on your handout in a similar way to the 3 we have just completed together.

21. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Market Gardening

22. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Two British Farms Which of the two farms is likely to be a sheep farm? Give reasons for your answer. Try to use all the information you are given.

23. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING The Farming System Take a new page in your jotter. Put ‘A Farm System’ as your title and copy the sentence below: Farming works as a system with inputs, processes and outputs. Look at the animation on the next slide. You will get to see it a few times if needed.

24. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING

25. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Physical Inputs Human/Economic Inputs Copy this diagram Take a full page Make the boxes quite big! Processes Arable Farm Pastoral Farm Outputs Outputs

26. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Put the words in the box below into the correct part of the farming system flowchart you have just drawn. milking wool planting soil relief dipping meat barley land machinery selling seeds fodder crops climate potatoes fruit feedstuffs fertilisers animals milk spraying buildings planting beans shearing transport labour peas harvesting calving chemicals ploughing medicines weeding

27. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Land-Use Patterns on a Farm • Read section 12J page 93 of ‘The Human Environment’ • Task 1: Sketch in your jotter a diagram similar to Figure 12.5 • Task 2: Annotate your diagram using ideas found in 12J

28. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING The Changing Face of Farming Like all businesses, farming has changed greatly over the last 50 years. These changes have affected methods, organisation, farm output, labour, farming landscapes and the overall status of farming. There are 3 factors that have been important in causing these changes. Try to guess what they are from the following slides.

29. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING The Changing Face of Farming

30. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Mechanisation • More machines has meant that less labour is needed • Field sizes have had to increase to allow the large machines room to operate • This means that hedges have been removed • Farms have amalgamated because more work can be done quickly by the machines • Big buildings have been built to store the machinery Copy these notes and discuss

31. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING

32. Improved Technology STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Improved Technology • A lot of farmers now use computers • There are now better medicines and vaccines for animals • There are new and improved seeds available • Chemical fertilisers and insecticides are used by many farmers • These improvements in technology have all helped to improve output, reduce costs and increase profit

33. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Corehouse Farm B&B Accommodation near Lanark

34. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING The Changing Face of Farming WILD FARM COTTAGEA unique holiday experience £95 per night for up to two people.£15 extra per night per adult after that, up to 8 people.

35. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Copy these notes and discuss Diversification • To increase profits farmers have started adding non-farming land-uses to their farms – often linked to the leisure and tourist industry. • Fields transformed into golf courses or bike/rally tracks • Farm cottages converted into holiday homes • Areas used for campsites • Farmhouses offering B&B accommodation

36. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 5 The Changing Face of Farming Study the picture in your handout, read the poem and then answer the questions. Extension: Try to think of some ways that you would collect data to show what changes have occurred on a farm over the last 20 years.

37. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Agribusinesses These changes have all meant that farming is no longer run as a small-scale family business. Many modern farms are very large and are owned by a commercial company or group of investors who invest money in the farm as a business in order to make profits. These types of farms are called agribusinesses. They are run by a farm manager who does not own the farm. Copy these notes and discuss What are the disadvantages of running a farm as an Agribusiness?

38. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Now watch the video called;-New Countryside

39. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 6 How much can you remember? Work through the questions on the worksheet. They cover everything you have learned so far in the farming unit.

40. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Influence of the European Union on farming in the UK The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

41. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING To maintain steady & reasonable prices for customers To protect farmers’ incomes To increase production to provide sufficient food supplies The 3 aims of the CAP Copy these notes and discuss

42. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING How Did the CAP achieve these aims? Subsidies and Grants Copy these notes and discuss Money to farmers for every sheep and cow owned The EU guaranteed to buy unlimited amounts of crops at a minimum price from farmers

43. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Results… Grain over-production Butter mountain Milk lake Copy these notes and discuss

44. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Problems with the CAP in the 1970’s and 1980’s • 70% of the EU budget was spent supporting farming when farming only provided 5% of the EC’s total income • Surpluses were created e.g: • The butter, beef and cereal ‘mountains’ • The milk and wine ‘lakes’

45. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Set-Aside and Quotas Set-aside is when farmers are paid to not grow crops on a certain acreage of their farm Read page 102, section 13F and make a note of what a QUOTA is

46. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Farmers have been given grants to improve the environment, for example they are paid not to use chemicals on their farms. This has encouraged a new type of farming called organic farming.

47. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING 7 Play the game ‘Farming Dominoes’

48. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Further work- if time allows or for revision. Do I have to do this work? If you want to be one of these!

49. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Remember the difference between DESCRIBE questions and EXPLAIN questions? Read the textbook pages 108-111. Do task 1. Then try the core questions- you will get a bonus if you add reasons for the answers if not asked for.

50. STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHY FARMING Read the textbook pages 112-114. Do task 2. Try any or all of the extension questions on page 112 that you like. The last section is about ENQUIRY SKILLS.