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White Certificates/Energy Efficiency Obligations

White Certificates represent a market-based approach to energy efficiency obligations. Governments enforce these obligations on energy utilities to encourage savings in energy use. The EU's Energy Efficiency Obligations target a range of energy users and involve various verification measures to ensure effectiveness. Obligated parties must save energy in customer premises while monitoring costs and measurable results. Initiatives like the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target have led to significant energy-saving projects, contributing to reduced carbon footprints and fostering sustainable energy practices.

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White Certificates/Energy Efficiency Obligations

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  1. White Certificates/Energy Efficiency Obligations • Renewable Energy/CO2 Certificates exist because of Government intervention in the market place – an obligation • White Certificates are no different – need an energy efficiency obligation • All significant EU activities with energy utilities & small energy users on energy efficiency are linked to an obligation on some part of the energy utility to save energy in their customers premises • Tradable White Certificates are usually taken to represent the final stage i.e. any party (not just obligated party) can obtain (verified) certificate of energy saving

  2. How do Energy Efficiency Obligations Work? • Energy retailer/distributor has obligation to save energy in customers’ premises; target related to “volume” supplied/distributed/residential numbers • Projects with large energy users can “afford” to have energy saving measures monitored for actual saving • For small energy users – need simple approach to keep M&V costs down – use “approved” measures for which there are well established energy saving values (deemed or ex ante savings); • Monitoring and verification then is a “measure count” + random “dip check”

  3. Energy Efficiency Obligations in the EU (2008)

  4. Carbon Emissions Reduction Target (CERT) • Running for over 2 years and will run till end 2012 • Expected energy retailer spend ~€900M per year • Measures installed in 2nd year of CERT: • 576 k Cavity wall insulation jobs (professional) • 701k loft/attic insulation jobs (professional) • ~500 k DIY loft/attic insulations • 21k solid wall • 23k fuel switching (mainly to gas central heating) • 80,000k CFLs • 1.5k heat pumps • Previous phase saved electricity at a cost of 2.1 p/kWh to “UK plc” and gas at 0.6 p/kWh – both less than a quarter of price to householders

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