E-collaboration for healthcare (Telemedicine / E-prescription)

1. Fellowship Week # 8 E-collaboration for healthcare (Telemedicine / E-prescription) ITI Smart Village Week 1 Day 1,2 Information Technology Institute

2. Course Introduction "In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed."- Charles Darwin • Discussing the past, the present and the future of collaboration gives a broad view on how we need to work interactively leading to better learning experiences; in this course, collaboration, communication, cooperation, coordination, networking, and interactivity concepts will be explained more thoroughly, selecting the internet as an electronic way not only to view information, but also to contribute to society. • In this course, workshops will be conducted using web 2.0 tools to enrich the learning experience. Applying the concepts of online/mass collaboration will focus mainly on health care; this opens up two research topics: e-Prescription and Telemedicine; digging deeper in these topics would allow us to analyze more case studies, giving the ability to recommend the best online environment for healthcare professionals to support one another as well as supporting patients. E-Research tools will help in building up a digital online library to be used throughout the fellowship program. Information Technology Institute

3. Course Objectives After the completion of this course trainees should be able to: • Understand what collaboration is and how to collaborate effectively • Discuss the benefits of most web collaboration tools • Apply concepts of online tutoring and communicate clearly • Criticize some online virtual clinical practices constructively • Identify problems and limitations of handwritten prescriptions • List the potential benefits of electronic prescribing • Describe the Sure Scripts and RxHub networks • List the obstacles to widespread e-prescribing • State the difference between telehealth and telemedicine • List the various types of telemedicine such as teleradiology and teleneurology Information Technology Institute

4. Course Objectives (Cont.) After the completion of this course trainees should be able to: • List the potential benefits of telemedicine to patients /clinicians • Identify the different means of transferring information with telemedicine such as store and forward • Describe the concepts of home and hospital telemonitoring • Enumerate the most significant ongoing telemedicine projects • Identify the multiple ways IT can improve research • State the general benefits of research automation • Describe the benefits of electronic collaborative web sites • Describe the specific benefits of electronic forms • Compare and contrast the pros and cons of PDA based e-forms • Construct a knowledge base of resources on a well-classified library Information Technology Institute

5. Week 1 - Agenda What is collaboration? Terminologies Skills and Sub skills Can we collaborate? Healthcare in Egypt Workshop How to e-collaborate? E-framework E-learning E-collaboration ITS (tutoring) Conclusion – Demo – Paper Guide 3 hours 2 hours 1 hour Information Technology Institute

6. Healthcare : Hierarchy of Needs Information Technology Institute

7. Why collaborate? Information Technology Institute

8. CollaborationYesterday, Today and Tomorrow Information Technology Institute

9. History of CollaborationThe Tower of Babel • About 4000 BCE Do you remember the story of the tower of Babel? • King Nimrod wanted to build a tower to the heavens in order to wage war on Heaven and the Angels. Where did they go wrong? • ARROGANCE (didn’t understand their role in the universe) and • SKEWED VALUES - lamented the lost bricks more than the lost people (who fell to their death). Information Technology Institute

10. The Consequences? • Suddenly each person spoke a different language and they were no longer able to COLLABORATE. The tower project failed. • Ever since, we’ve had a difficult time in working together - and it is still true that avoiding ARROGANCE and VALUING PEOPLE ABOVE TECHNOLOGY are still important elements for success. Does anyone remember where exactly the Tower of Babel was constructed? Information Technology Institute 8/24/2014 Information Technology Institute 10

11. IRAQFull Story:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel

12. Quick History of Collaboration Tools • Writing 3200 BC (Sumerian cuniform) • Printing Press (Gutenberg 1450) • Photography (Daguerre 1839) • Telephone(Bell 1876) • Phonograph (Edison 1877) Information Technology Institute

13. Quick History of Collaboration Tools (cont.) • Movies (Lumiere 1895) • Wireless (radio) (Tesla 1891 or Marconi 1895) • Video Conferencing (Bell PicturePhone 1956) Information Technology Institute

14. Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools • ARPANET 1969 • John Postel • David Crocker • Vint Cerf Information Technology Institute

15. Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools (cont.) • Killer App #1: Email (Ray Tomlinson 1971)“The first use of network email announced its own existence. “ Information Technology Institute

16. Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools (cont.) • Graphical User Interface (1984 - $2495) • Note:Useability and“User-Friendly”are important. Information Technology Institute

17. E-learning History Information Technology Institute

18. Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration • World Wide Web (1990 Time Berners-Lee @ CERN)Berners-Lee related how difficult it was ten years ago when he was demonstrating the Web for the first time. Viewers seeing him progress from one document to another by clicking on links were nonplussed -- it's when the system scales that the advantages may be reaped. • Total number of web sites in the world in 1990 = 1. • 2000- Semantic Web, WC3, and XML Information Technology Institute

19. Information Technology Institute

20. Oracle Information Technology Institute

21. Information Technology Institute

22. Collaboration Working jointly together in order to gain competitive advantage Aims • Increased efficiency (“better service”) • Unified terminology, standards • Raising awareness / more relevant cases • Quality improvement (cost, services, time, risk) • Training, more skills, and outsourcing • Rapid diffusion of best practices • Stimulation of new hybrids and combinations • Availability of just-in-time expertise • Faster positive feedback cycles • Increasingly horizontal and distributed models of research and innovation. Information Technology Institute

23. Terminologies • Communication: A message is sent from person A to person B, and person B acknowledges receipt. There could be simple or complex information transferred in this message. • Interaction: A message is sent from person A to person B, and person B acknowledges receipt, and person B sends a message back to person A in reply. The type of information that is transferred by an interaction is complex. • Collaboration: Multiple interactions occur between two or more people for the transfer of complex information for some common goal over a specified period of time. • Coordination, cooperation, networking, etc. Information Technology Institute

24. Directions of Collaboration • Vertical Collaboration • Sequential collaboration • Horizontal Collaboration (Workgroup) • Group collaboration • Network collaboration Information Technology Institute

25. Group and Network collaboration Collaboration of individuals and firms • Virtual group meetings (Video conferencing) • Analysis and decision support systems • Virtual environments, e.g. awareness sessions • Knowledge exchange • Developing/accessing capabilities, skills, resources Information Technology Institute

26. Levels of collaboration • Collaboration is generally treated as meaning the cooperative way that two or more entities work together towards a shared goal. The Research Team developed the Levels of Collaboration scale, based on the work of other collaboration researchers (Hogue, 1993; Borden & Perkins, 1998, 1999) to measure progress over the five stages of collaboration. • The five stages are described as: Information Technology Institute

27. Levels of collaboration (cont.) 1. Networking-Aware of organization -Loosely defined roles -Little communication -All decisions are made independently 2. Cooperation-Provide information to each other -Somewhat defined roles -Formal communication -All decisions are made independently Information Technology Institute

28. Levels of collaboration (cont.) 3. Coordination-Share information and resources -Defined roles -Frequent communication -Some shared decision making 4. Coalition -Share ideas -Share resources -Frequent and prioritized communication -All members have a vote in decision making 5. Collaboration-Members belong to one system -Frequent communication is characterized by mutual trust -Consensus is reached on all decisions Information Technology Institute

29. Collaboration levels of interaction Information Technology Institute

30. Collaboration vs. C-Three,by Leo Denise (Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication) • Collaboration...cooperation...coordination...communication. We tend to use these words interchangeably. All are presumed descriptors of what people need to do to work together effectively. Yet when these words are mixed together, mush results. Each term is different and each has not only strengths but also limitations. The CCCs of Togetherness • Communication speaks to how persons understand each other and how information (not just “facts,” but policies, prospects, rumors, feelings, failures, and all other human experiences) is transferred in organizations. While “lack of communication” tops the problem list in most organizations, the diagnosis is a facile one for many reasons. Information Technology Institute

31. Collaboration vs. C-Three,by Leo Denise (Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication) (Cont.) • Coordination, like communication, begins with an assumption of differences. Different persons, different units, different units create overlap, redundancy and/or separation without coordination. As in athletics, we are coordinated when the arms and legs move together. Everything falls into balance if not symmetry. Coordination is about efficiency and harmony. • Unlike communication, however, coordination looks to inform each unit or part of the whole as to how and when it must act. Among the relationship betweenmajor coordination problems in any large organization is that between central office and field units. In many cases, coordination boils down to two conditions: that people and units know what they are to do and when they are to do it; and that they see the what they do and what the coordinated whole achieves. Information Technology Institute

32. Collaboration vs. C-Three,by Leo Denise (Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication) (Cont.) • Cooperationis important but so is divergence. If someone has a very different idea to contribute to the group—perhaps as a challenge to its current directions, norms, or assumptions, is it “non-cooperative” to raise it? Much of creativity comes from the sparks of disagreement, dissent, and even conflict. • Cooperation too often becomes a call for increased socialization to a culture, not a prompt for high performance. Also, one opposite of cooperative is competitive. Do we deny that “competitive juices” can be useful? Consider also that virtually all of what we call “strategy” is about competitive or comparative advantage. Cooperative thinking is rarely the same as strategic insight. Information Technology Institute

33. Collaboration vs. C-Three,by Leo Denise (Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication) • Collaboration is not about agreement. It is about creation. As Michael Schrage puts it in his book, Shared Minds: ...collaboration is the process of shared creation: two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting to create a shared understanding that none had previously possessed or could have come to on their own. Collaboration creates a shared meaning about a process, a product, or an event. In this sense, there is nothing routine about it. Something is there that wasn’t there before. • Collaboration is distinct from each of the “C” words defined earlier. Unlike communication, it is not about exchanging information. It is about using information to create something new. Unlike coordination, collaboration seeks divergent insight and spontaneity, not structural harmony. • And unlike cooperation, collaboration thrives on differences and requires the sparks of dissent. If we use this rigor to define collaboration, we will use the word much less frequently to describe what we do. Information Technology Institute

34. Collaboration vs. Cooperation and Coordination Information Technology Institute

35. More into Collaboration Information Technology Institute

36. More into Collaboration Information Technology Institute

37. The Main Idea of collaboration • … is of working together • sharing of planning, making decisions, solving problems, setting goals, assuming responsibility, working together cooperatively, communicating, and coordinating openly (Baggs & Schmitt, 1988). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/499266_2

38. Collaborative Processes • Team Creation • Idea Generation • Decision-Making • Work or Production • Evaluation or Recap

39. Team Creation • = connecting • Katzenbach and Smith • Small numbers of people - < 12 • Complementary skills in group members • Common purposes for working • Performance goals agreed upon • Shared working approaches • Mutual accountability amongst all members http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_method The Wisdom of Teams. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2003.

40. Idea Generation • = creating • Brainstorming • Concept mapping / mind mapping • Breakdown (analysis) • Storyboarding • Role Play • Etc. http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools_ideation.htm

41. Decision-Making • = deciding • Autocratic • Hand-clasping and cliques • Consensus • Deliberative Processes • Polling • Voting (voting mechanisms) http://www.csuchico.edu/sac/leaders/grpdecision.html

42. Work or Production • = producing • Functions: execution, tracking, timelining and optimizing… • Separate roles and responsibilities – individual work • Iterative (eg. Word Update) • Common Environment (Music and Lyrics)

43. Evaluation or Recap • = reflecting • Tabulation of expectations and results • Surveying, polling • Scoring and measurement against objective standards • Story-telling, lessons learned • Collection of best practices

44. Challenges collaborating using Technology • Communication among PEOPLE; is hard • Lack of common language in between users • Tools takes the focus over what you want to accomplish • Waste time on the Internet • Your online/virtual/electronic image should be professional Information Technology Institute

45. E-Learning • Source: WR Hambrecht + Co Information Technology Institute

46. E-Learning Scenario Information Technology Institute

47. Internet Information Technology Institute

48. Collaboration + E-learning = E-collaboration Must involve “Social Media” Information Technology Institute

49. Leslie Bradshaw | Ag Comm | July 22, 2010 President & Co-Founder | JESS3 Principal & Partner | Bradshaw Vineyards Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot

50. FALSE! Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot