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Introduction to Culture and Diversity

Introduction to Culture and Diversity. MGP2278 Cross Cultural Management & Communication Peninsula Campus. Introduction to MGP2278. Welcome! Contact details: Dr Chan Cheah Chan.cheah@monash.edu Dr Wendy Bell wendy.bell@monash.edu Mutual expectations: (Yours/Ours)

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Introduction to Culture and Diversity

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  1. Introduction to Culture and Diversity MGP2278 Cross Cultural Management & Communication Peninsula Campus

  2. Introduction to MGP2278 Welcome! • Contact details: • Dr Chan Cheah • Chan.cheah@monash.edu • Dr Wendy Bell • wendy.bell@monash.edu • Mutual expectations: • (Yours/Ours) • (Times, phones, classes, assignments) • ICEBREAKER: “The Naming Game” • 15 minutes

  3. What is Multiculturalism?Do we have it in Australia? … variety of cultures co-exist harmoniously … free to maintain distinctive religious, linguistic or social customs … equal in access to resources and services, civil rights and political power and … sharing with the rest of society particular concerns and values. (Commonwealth of Australia, Discussion Paper on Multicultural Education p.18 undated

  4. Why study culture & diversity?Australian Census 2011 • 75% + have an ancestry other than Australian • About 2% Indigenous background • 43% parent born overseas • 30% were born in another country (UK, NZ, China) • 200 birthplaces., Over 200 languages. (About 16% speak an Indigenous language, or Chinese, Italian, Greek and Arabic. • About 61% identify as Christian (Catholic; Anglican; Uniting Church; Presbyterian and Reformed; and Eastern Orthodox. • Buddhism (2.4% of the population), Islam (2.1%), Hinduism (1.28%) and Judaism (0.45%). About 7,361 Australians practise Aboriginal traditional religions. • About 22% of Australians have no religion. http://www.racismnoway.com.au/about-racism/population/

  5. “Tell me what I need to do to communicate with them?”Is it …?

  6. Brainstorming Team Exercise What has been your experience with Problem Based Learning (PBL) Based on your current knowledge & experiences

  7. Revisit Problem Based Learning Connecting Learning to Real World Uses Discovery Learning Problem Based Learning Challenge Based Learning

  8. The PBL Approach Debrief – Reflect and evaluate whether learning goals were achieved & improvement areas Define the Problem Statement Use various techniques to execute each step Analyse the Problem’s underlying concepts Synthesize/design, validate & share the solution Collect more info  conduct literature researchto address the problem solving Identify the concepts needed in problem solving Formulate learning goals for this problem solving

  9. Lessons or problem solving may interlink Lesson 2 Lesson 1 Meta Learning (hence be mindful) about How concepts extend into or interrelate with other concepts

  10. Group Presentation Assessment Criteria Evidence of Concepts Discovery 1 Evidence of Problem Statement 2 (1) Presentations (2) Supporting Reports Evidence of Problem Analysis Concepts Used 3 Evidence of Problem Solving Concepts Used 4 Summary Brief : 1-5 pages Body : Info organisation quality Evidence of Meta Thinking - Recognising Learning Goals 5 Evidence of Literature Reference 6 (3) Learning Reflection Summary Evidence of Solution Design & Validation 7 8 Debrief Notes Learning Development

  11. From Team Performance Evidence to Knowledge Repository Past cross units knowledge, Class Discussions & Resources Your Team’s Performance Outputs: Group Presentations & Supporting Documents Your Team’s Learning Product Outcome: Team Knowledge Base Learning Processs Learning Portfolio Media Your choice Paper Based File Or Digital Blog • Outcome KPI • Portfolio Quality % • Appropriate structure • Effective design • Contents quality • Explicit team collaboration & contributions Performance KPI On-time (12 mins) Presentation 20% Presentation + Q&A Quality 50% Supporting Report 20% Self Reflection – abstract of task 10% requirement; task execution strengths & weaknesses, improvement areas

  12. Problem Statement: What can we learn about culture from this movie? Movie Trailer The true story www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6m7WLmAUeY Activity Plan Read the case and view the movie Present your analysis findings and answers to the questions in the case Learning Debriefing Discussions

  13. Spotlight on Culture

  14. What is Culture?? “... the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture” (Geert Hofstede, 1984) “Man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun” Clifford Geert, quoting Max Weber in The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, 1977, Basic Books Classics, USA

  15. Culture – an information gap • We live … in an INFORMATION GAP. Between what our body tells us and what we have to know to function, there is a vacuum and we must fill it ourselves. We fill it with information (or misinformation) provided by our culture … our ideas, our values, our acts, even our emotions, are … cultural products Clifford Geertz, 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, Basic Books, NY p.55)

  16. What is Orientalism?(It’s not about being Asian) • Described by Edward Said as seeing people from “other” cultures as “foreign”, even as exotic objects to be studied by the “West” • Said argued that this attitude promotes a fundamental Western “us” and Oriental “them” which hampers understanding across all cultures not simply oriental • Similar to “Ethnocentrism” • Said, Edward W., 1995, Orientalism, Penguin, London (First published in 1978)

  17. Cultural Intelligence … seeing below the surface of the iceberg • Understanding culture • Thinking drivers • Motivation drivers • Behavioural drivers • Edward T Hall (1959) • Harvard Magazine, 2004: http://hbr.org/2004/10/cultural-intelligence/ar/1

  18. Understanding cultural models as metaphor? • machine (cogs in the wheel, driving the project?) • human body (circulate, finger on the pulse) • family (the parent company, paternalistic) • natural world (at coalface, grass roots, drought) • sport (shifting goal posts, level playing field) • a system (inputs, outputs, feedback) • arts (the big picture, a well conducted meeting) • (Kaye, 1996) • What is metaphor? • What metaphors drive your cultural worldview?

  19. Mapping World Culturesthe ‘West and the Rest’http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v44/n9/full/jibs201342a.html

  20. Culture & Diversity - its Existence forms Source: The Cultural Web - Aligning Your Organization's Culture with Strategy

  21. Important Elements of a Worldview Shame vs guilt (can be individual vs collective) Task vs people Sacred vs secular (notion of cosmos filled with spiritual beings and forces vs natural causes) Role of living vs dead in daily life Good vs Evil Humans vs Nature Doing vs Being Linear vs cyclical life cycle

  22. Sociocultural factors defining our cultural worldview

  23. Brainstorming Team Exercise More on sociocultural determinants of culture Based on your current knowledge & experiences

  24. Political Ideology of Group or Nation

  25. Measuring Worth

  26. Law • Natural justice versus • “Rule of law”

  27. History • Pride and self-esteem from cultural history • Aboriginal, Greek, Roman, Japanese • Whether people previously colonised and sense of autonomy • Thailand? • Indonesia? • Integration of historical and present realities • Colonisation?

  28. Attitudes to Technology

  29. Religion “Religion is a form of culture, as it accounts for much variation in norms, values, beliefs and behaviour (Cohen 2009) … however, religion does not equal culture, and culture does not necessarily include religion. Cultures also differ in what it means to be religious (McDaniel & Burnett, 1990). • Ronen, Simcha and Shenkar, Oded, “Mapping world cultures: Cluster formation, sources and implications, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.44, No.9, December 2013, Palgrave Macmillan, UK • Samuel P. Huntington (2011), The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, USA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SNicJRcUqs • http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/04/opinion/04brooks.html?_r=0

  30. Art and Customs • Intrinsic value of art and customs • as an expression of cultural identity, belonging and status within the society • as a positive force for cultural maintenance and survival • Commodification of art and customs • extent to which cultural “goods’ are valued as commercial products

  31. Geography and Population • Physical geography makes a difference • easy or hard to survive in a landscape • language - number of words for “snow”/”rice” • Isolation vs integration • Population influences culture • large population=big influence • Numbers vs individuals

  32. Key Questions What did you learn about culture? Did the movie demonstrate cultural differences between the samurai and others? How? What examples can you cite to demonstrate cultural intelligence? Can you give examples to explain Orientalism or ethnocentrism from the movie? What did “The Last Samurai” reveal about the cultural worldview and determinants of the culture of the Samurai at that time? What did it reveal about the United States at that time? What additional learning do alternative interpretations of the movie suggest? We will debrief at (time) MGP2278 session.

  33. Debrief

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