History of England in Music

1. History of England in Music By: Kellen Conner, Marcos Pitter, Sophia Carrico , and Juan Leyva.

2. England • Motto: “God and my right” • Anthem: “God save the Queen” • Capital: London • Language: English • Government: Constitutional Monarchy • Currency: Pound Sterling

3. England in the 1600s The Government in place is Monarchy. The rulers are King James I and Queen Elizabeth I. Queen Elizabeth was queen from 1550 to 1603. In terms of religion; the majority of the people were Christian and followers of the church of England. The Church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal history from St. Augustine of Canterbury’s mission to England in 597. Today the Church has about 944,000 followers.

4. England in the 1600s: Wars • The Dutch-Portuguese War- it was an armed conflict involving Dutch forces in the form of the Dutch East and West India Companies against the Portuguese Empire. Beginning in 1602, the conflict primarily involved the Dutch companies invading the Portuguese colonies in the Americas, India and the Far East. The war can be thought of as an extension to the Eighty-Years War and the Thirty-Years War being fought in Europe at the time between Spain and the Netherlands, as Portugal was in a dynastic union with the Spanish Crown, after the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis for most of the conflict. However the conflict had little to do with the war in Europe and served mainly as a way for the Dutch to gain an overseas empire and control trade at the cost of the Portuguese. English forces also assisted the Dutch at certain points in the war.

5. England in the 1600s: Wars The English Civil War (1642-1651)- it was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers). The first (1642-46) and the second (1646-49) civil wars pitted the support of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649-51) saw fighting between the supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and replacement of English Monarchy with first, the Common wealth of England (1643-53), and then with a Protectorate (1653-59) under Oliver Cornwell’s personal rule. The monopoly of The Church of England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot rule without parliament’s consent, although this concept was legally established only with the Glorious Revolution later in the century.

6. England in the 1600s: Art The artists of the Tudor court in the Renaissance and their successors until the early 18th century were mostly imported talents, often from Flanders. These included Hans Holbein the Younger, Van Dyck, Rubens, Orazio Gentileschi and his daughter Artemesia, Sir Peter Lely and Sir Godfrey Kneller. An exception must be made for the portrait miniature, where a strong English tradition began with the Elizabethan Nicholas Hilliard, who had learnt from Continental artists, and continued with Isaac Oliver and many other artists. By the following century a number of significant English painters of full-size portraits began to emerge, and towards the end of the century the other great English specialism, of landscape painting, also began to be practiced by natives. Both were heavily influenced by Anthony Van Dyck in particular, although he does not seem to have trained any English painters himself, he was a powerful influence in promoting the baroque style. One of the most important native painters of this period was William Dobson. During the 17th century the English nobility also became important collectors of European art, led by King Charles I and Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel in the first half of the century. By the end of the century the Grand Tour had become established for wealthy young Englishmen.

7. England in the 1600s: Important People and Events William Shakespeare writes Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth some of just the many plays he wrote during 1600-1610. Remember the 5th of November 1605 the gun powder plot Guy Fawkes tries to blow up the parliament building but fails. Fawkes and his accomplices are executed the following year.

8. England in the 1600s: Music Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1750.[1] This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era. The word "baroque" came from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning "misshapen pearl”. Henry Purcell was an English organist and Baroque composer. He composed Anthems, Odes, Hymns, Songs and theatre music.

9. 1800s

10. 1800s: Some History of England • King George the III ruled England from 1760 to 1820. His successor King George the IV who ruled from 1820 to 1830 who was succeeded by his brother King William the IV whose short reign lasted from 1830 to 1834, only to be succeeded by his niece, Queen Victoria, whose reign lasted from 1834 to 1901. • Queen Victoria reigned for most of the 19th century so this period is commonly referred to as the Victorian Age. • During this time scientific and industrial inventions thrived.

11. 1800s: Some history of England (Continued) Queen Victoria began her reign at age 18. Notable development in racial and gender equality plus humanitarian and religious organizations, which reflected many Victorians’ concerns for the poor.

12. 1800s English Art Culture • Art movements in Victorian era: Classicism and Neoclassicism based on Greek and Roman antiquity (meaning the ancient qualities of it), Romanticism, Impressionism and Post Impressionism. • Classicism- the principles or styles characteristic of the literature and art of ancient Greek and Rome. • Neoclassicism- a late 18th and early 19th century style in architecture, decorative art, and fine art based on the surviving classical models and types.

13. 1800s English Art Culture 3. Romanticism- a movement in literature and the fine arts beginning in the early 19th century that stressed personal emotion, free play of the imagination and freedom from the rules of form. 4. Impressionism- emphasizes immediate approach of objects or actions without attention to details. 5. Post-Impressionism- varied development of impressionism by a group of painters stressing formal structure or expressive possibilities of form and color. Classicism=opposite of Romanticism. Romanticism paintings often showed impressive events in vivid colors.

14. 1800s English Art Culture • Literature and poetry. The Victorian Era introduced great literary and poetic works from writers like George Elist, Joseph Conrad, William Butler Yeats, Emily and Charlote Bronte, Elizabeth Barret and Charles Dickens. Aestheticism gained popularity and became a notable face in literature. • Aestheticism- an exaggerated devotion to art, music, or poetry with indifference to practical matters. • Note: There was much poverty during this era. Too much people with out enough living areas. Women overpopulated more. Increase in prostitution. Child labor popular (later prohibited by laws).

15. 1800s Music Music was favored for indoor recreation. Young women who knew how to play were expected to perform at parties and get-togethers. Piano was the symbol of social status and it was an instrument females could express and separate from the rest. Pianos became more affordable for the middle class. This had an effect on the amount of amateur songs being composed with wider variety among them. To be a musician during this time paid very well. During the beginning of the Victorian era music was held in public places like saloons. This made the older music halls dwindle in numbers with the help of urbanization. In the middle of the 19th century everything switched, and the music halls became more popular, featuring the newest music. Along with the change of location, the music types changed as well from traditional folk to contemporary with funny lyrics. Music hall orchestra becomes more complex with the addition of the piano. Any song played in the music halls required the ability to keep peoples’ attention. Popular musician and composer Stephen Foster played his songs in music halls. “The old Folks Home” and “Golden Slippers” were crowd favorites.

16. THEENDNext is the 1900s