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Transitioning from Manuscript to Digital: Exploring Early Music Research

This paper examines the evolution of early music research from traditional manuscript and print formats to digital media. Authors Susan Forscher Weiss and Ichiro Fujinaga highlight the significance of databases and computer applications in music pedagogy. They emphasize the vital role of specialized metadata and online resources for accessing historical music materials. The discussion addresses the challenges and future directions of music research in a digital age, making it relevant for scholars, educators, and students of early music history.

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Transitioning from Manuscript to Digital: Exploring Early Music Research

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  1. From Manuscript to Printing Press to Computer ChipStudying Early Music in Digital Format Susan Forscher Weiss Johns Hopkins University Ichiro Fujinaga McGill University

  2. Outline • History: Research & Pedagogy • Databases • Computer Applications • Conclusions / Future RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  3. Music Research & Pedagogy • Old way • Primary sources: mss, prints (travel, permissions) • Books, periodicals, microfilms, photocopies • Slides, handouts, overhead transparencies • Analog recordings, video, scores RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  4. RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  5. Music Research & Pedagogy • Intermediate solutions • Local database (on-line library catalogues) • E-mail, mailing lists • CD, DVD, CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  6. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  7. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  8. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  9. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  10. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  11. Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  12. Music Research & Pedagogy • New way • Web-based courses • Web databases • Web resources • Web portals RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  13. Course Pages • MusL 242: Music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (C. Cyrus, Vanderbilt) • MUSIC 310: Ancient and Medieval Music (T. Ward, UIUC) • The Gregorian Chant Home Page(P. Jeffery, Princeton) • Music 2223: Renaissance Music (G. Callon, Acadia) • Music 610.311: Music History I (S. F. Weiss, Johns Hopkins) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  14. WebCT (S. Weiss) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  15. Wegman: Demonstration of Borrowing RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  16. Three Types of Databases • General references • Specialized metadata • Music databases • Indices • Text • Facsimile RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  17. General references • Grove Music Online RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  18. Grove Music Online (2nd ed., opera, jazz)45,000 articles, 6000 contributors RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  19. General references • Grove Music Online • RILM(Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  20. Music article abstracts after 1996(329,000 items from 6200 journals) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  21. General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM(Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  22. Index to music manuscripts after 1600456,000 items by 18,000 composers RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  23. General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM (Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) • RELICS(Renaissance Liturgical Imprints: A Census) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  24. RELICS (books on worship, 13,882 entries) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  25. RELICS on MIRLYN RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  26. General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM (Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) • RELICS(Renaissance Liturgical Imprints: A Census) • RIPM (Répertoire International de la Presse Musicales) • Music Index • International Index to the Performing Arts • Online journals • Early Music, Music Quarterly, etc. • JSTOR (back issues: all major music journals!) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  27. Early Music (Christopher Page) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  28. Specialized metadata: Composers • Dufay • Hildegard of Bingen • Ockeghem • Josquin • Dowland • Lawes • Machaut RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  29. Machaut on the Web RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  30. Specialized metadata: Portals • Classical Music Resources (Duke University) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  31. Classical Music Resources (Duke University) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  32. Specialized metadata: Portals • Classical Music Resources (Duke University) • Cecilia (UK and Ireland) • Ufficio Ricerca Fondi Musicali di Milano • Early Music FAQ (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  33. Early Music FAQ (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  34. Early Music Composers (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  35. Specialized metadata: Sound Recordings • WorldCat (OCLC: 1.7M recordings, 1.2M scores) • SONIC (LC: 2.5M recordings) • National Sound Archives (BL: 3M recordings) • allclassical.com • 100K albums • 250K compositions • 20K Medieval/Renaissance compositions • amazon.com RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  36. Music databases (indices) • Themefinder (Stanford and Ohio State) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  37. RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  38. Music databases (indices) • Themefinder (Stanford and Ohio State) • CANTUS (U. of Western Ontario, Canada) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  39. CANTUS (200K entries from 50 sources) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  40. Music databases (text) • Center for the History of Music Theory and Literature(Indiana) • Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum (TML) • Texts on Music in English (TME) • Traités français sur la musique (TFM) • Saggi musicali italiani (SMI) • Thesaurus musicarum italicarum (TMI) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  41. Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  42. Scribe database RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  43. Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  44. DIAMM (Oxford, Royal Holloway) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  45. Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  46. Early English Books Online (W. Byrd) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  47. Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online • Dowland MS RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  48. Dowland MS Project RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  49. Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online • Dowland MS • Acadia Early Music Facsimile Archive RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

  50. Examples of Computer Applications in Early Music • Analysis of notational signs in 12th C. manuscripts • Comparison of motets with questionable attributions • Transcription of tablatures • Automatic fingering of English keyboard music • Divergence study by superimposing scanned images of printed music • Watermark study using digital image processing • Virtual restoration of manuscripts RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga

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