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The Early Modern Era

The Early Modern Era. 1500 – 1900 AD. 5 Important Periods. Renaissance Reformation Enlightenment French Revolution Industrial Revolution. The Renaissance. The Renaissance began during the 1300’s mostly in Italy. Renaissance = Rebirth

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The Early Modern Era

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  1. The Early Modern Era 1500 – 1900 AD

  2. 5 Important Periods • Renaissance • Reformation • Enlightenment • French Revolution • Industrial Revolution

  3. The Renaissance • The Renaissance began during the 1300’s mostly in Italy. • Renaissance = Rebirth • The main focus of the Renaissance were arts, education, and politics. • Humanism

  4. Arts • The Renaissance was perhaps the greatest period for art in human history. • Some of the greatest artists and paintings came from this era. • Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 – 1519) • Durer (1471 – 1528) • Michelangelo (1475 – 1564) • Van Eyck (1385 – 1440) • Botticelli (1445 – 1510) • Bellini (1430 – 1516) • Raphael (1483 – 1520)

  5. Davinci • The Last Supper

  6. Mona Lisa

  7. Pieta

  8. Sistine Chapel/The Creation

  9. Adoration of the Magi

  10. Madonna With Child

  11. School of Athens

  12. The Wedding

  13. A Young Hare

  14. Crucifixion

  15. Birth of Venus

  16. Feast of the Gods

  17. Education • Education became another major focus during the Renaissance. • This is where modern education began to take form. • Education was focused more on people (humanities). • All of these practices were based off the works of ancient Greeks and Romans. • Philosophy

  18. Society & Politics • During the Renaissance, the class system became more well defined: • Clergy • Nobility • Bourgeoisie • Commoners

  19. Important Figures • Machiavelli • Dante • Chaucer • Shakespeare • Gutenberg (printing)

  20. The Protestant Reformation • The Reformation began with a simple question: What must I do to be saved? • Many people felt the Catholic Church had become corrupt. • Selling of indulgences. • Pluralism & Absenteeism

  21. Martin Luther • Martin Luther was a former German monk who broke from the Catholic Church. • Luther believed that faith in God alone could get you to heaven. • 95 Theses • Luther would be excommunicated by Pope Leo X and went into hiding, protected by Frederick of Saxony.

  22. Protestant Religions • Lutheranism • Presbyterianism (John Calvin) • Anabaptists • Anglicans • Methodists

  23. Beliefs of Protestants • Most protestants believe that faith alone can get you to Heaven. • There is no clear leader, like a Pope, all individuals are equally important (Humanism). • Predestination • Importance of family • There is much more political influence in Protestantism than in Catholicism.

  24. Reformation in England • The Reformation in England was more political than anything else. • It was led by King Henry VIII (1491 – 1547) • Henry was angered that the Pope would not allow him to divorce his first wife, so he broke from the Catholic Church and founded the Church of England (Anglican). • As time passed, Protestantism grew in England and became more powerful than Catholicism. This led to the English Civil War of the 1640’s (Oliver Cromwell).

  25. Catholic Reformation • The Protestant Reformation helped the Catholic Church to realize that changes needed to be made. • The Council of Trent (1545 – 1563) outlined new reforms in the Church. • Ignatius Loyola (Jesuits) • One of the Jesuit focuses was education (Catholic schools).

  26. The Enlightenment • The Enlightenment brought out new ideas about politics, science, and life in general. • Elizabeth I (Ruled 1558 – 1603) • The Age of Reason (Francis Bacon). • Many great philosophers and scientists would come from this period.

  27. Science • The Scientific Revolution created many new ideas about the universe. • New principles in math and science began to arise. • Copernicus (1473 – 1543) • Galileo (1564 – 1642) • Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727) • Advances in Medicine

  28. Philosophy • Enlightenment philosophy is based on the idea of reason: Using the Scientific method to explain all of life. • Reached its peak in the 18th century (1700’s)

  29. “Philosophes” • The goal of “philosophes” was to change the world, not just discuss it. • Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) • John Locke (1632 – 1704) • Voltaire (1694 – 1778) • Denis Diderot (1713 – 1784) • Adam Smith (1723 – 1790) • Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 – 1797)

  30. Not A Title • Classical style music came from the enlightenment period. • By the end of the Enlightenment, the average person was more educated than ever before in history. • This would lead to major changes that are still present in society today.

  31. The French Revolution • The revolution started because people began to question the system of the Estates General. • Each group had only one vote (clergy, nobility, commoners). • Who is it fair to tax?

  32. Road to Revolution • The French Revolution was inspired by the American Revolution against Britain • The 3rd estate had become angry with the extravagant life of the King (Louis XVI), and the first two estates. • For years, the monarchy had not asked the Estates General for their opinion, especially the commoners.

  33. Revolution • The Revolution began in 1789. • Storming the Bastille. • The King’s Army was powerless to stop the angry mob of people. • After taking over, the 3rd estate established the National Assembly, where each representative had 1 vote • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

  34. The New France • The new French system of government was based on our own system in the U.S. • Limited power of monarchy • During this time, Blessed William Joseph Chaminade worked to keep the church alive.

  35. Problems • Everything happened so fast that there were many holes in the new government. • Robespierre and the reign of terror • Guillotine

  36. Napoleon • From 1799 – 1815, Napoleon would become dictator of France. • Napoleon was a great general, but had an Ego that was far greater. • He was short = Napoleon complex • He would go from being loved by the French people to hated. • Invasion of Russia • Waterloo

  37. American July 4, 1776 - Declaration of Independence. War with England 1787- Constitution 1791 – Bill of Rights Constitution ratified 1791-2006– same Constitution French July 14,1789 - Storming of the Bastille Aug, 1789 – Declaration of the rights of Man 1791 – Constitution ANARCHY 1793-94 – Committee of Public Safety ANARCHY 1794 –99 –DIRECTORY 1799-1815 – Napoleon 1815 – King Louis XVIII Today 5th Republic Comparing the Revolutions

  38. Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution was the culmination of all the advancements that had been made before. • It began in Britain during the 1780’s. • Up until this time, most ordinary people depended on agriculture for jobs and to support their families. • Industrialization is the process by which a Nation’s economy shifts from agriculture to manufacturing.

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