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Introduction to Ophthalmology

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Introduction to Ophthalmology

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    1. Introduction to Ophthalmology

    2. message Attitude Attendance Commitment to learn 2-week rotation Be prepared Practice Evaluation Need to see secretary after this!!

    3. Anatomy Physiology History Examination

    4. Adnexa

    13. History General health and systemic diseases: DM,HTN, connective tissue disease, drugs Past ocular history: surgeries, trauma, glasses, lasers, eye drops Profile of the patient Chief complaint

    14. History Abnormal appearance: -Lids -Redness -Discharge

    19. Pain: Foreign body sensation Itching & discomfort Deep severe pain Eye strain Headache

    20. Disturbance of vision Blurred vision Loss of vision Diplopia Photopsia and haloes Floaters Visual field

    21. Discharge Watery Mucoid Mucopurulent Secretion Vs drainage

    22. Common problems Sticky eye but clear vision - conjunctivitis

    23. Painless progressive loss of vision in the aged - cataract

    24. Pain, poor vision, rainbows around lights - angle closure glaucoma

    25. Baby - one sided discharge, watery from birth NLD obst

    26. Red eye, photophobia and blurred vision with or without pain, uveitis

    27. No symptoms or vision of one eye found to be poor by chance chronic simple glaucoma

    28. Sudden onset of horizontal diplopia especially in elderly - e.g. V1 cranial nerve palsy

    29. Episodes of transient total visual loss in one eye - amaurosis fugax - retinal arterial emboli/carotid artery disease

    30. Upper half of visual field went suddenly in one eye: arterial or venous obstruction

    31. Dark curtain in front of one eye, coming from below; varies with head position - upper half retinal detachment

    32. Examination Visual Acuitiy Central vision Macula Best corrected

    35. External examination Lids Misalignment Redness Corneal opacity

    36. Perkinje Sanson images 1st image: anterior corneal surface 2nd image: posterior corneal surface 3rd image: anterior lens surface 4th image: posterior lens surface, real, against movement

    41. stains Fluorescein stain Rose bengal

    44. Pupils Central, regular, reactive, round Direct Vs indirect Swinging light reflex, RAPD

    46. Red reflex

    47. Eye drops Anticholinergic: Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, atropine. Adrenergic agonists: phenylephrine, adrenaline Topical anesthetic cycloplegia

    48. Extraocular motility Muscle balance

    50. Visual fileds Confrontation Perimetry

    51. Ophthalmoscopy Direct ophthalmoscope Dialated pupils NB angle closure Disc: cup/colour/contour Macula Blood vessels Periphery

    56. Invistigations FFA Perimetry Ultrasound CT MRI

    57. FFA

    58. CT scan

    59. Visual field

    60. Ultrasound

    61. MRI

    62. Thank you Dr. Hasan Mohidat Chief resident, Ophthalmology, KAUH

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