Pre-Class Monday 12-3-12

1. Pre-Class Monday 12-3-12 What do you think a biomedical engineer does?

2. Biomedical Engineering The application of engineering principles to biological systems

3. Background • First recognized in the ’40s • Combines a broad range of sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics) through technology and medicine • Design instruments, devices, and software to: • develop new procedures, or • conduct research to solve clinical problems • In 2009, the Bureau of labor Statistics found that there were 14,760 biomedical engineers working in the US. They estimate employment growth of 72 percent over the net decade, much faster than the average for all occupations (BMES website). 

4. Starting Salaries • Bachelors : $53,470 • Masters : $67,360 • Doctorate : $77,520 • But what about job security in the future? • The aging population and the focus on health issues will increase the demand for better and cheaper medical devices and systems. • For example, computer-assisted surgery and cellular/tissue engineering are being more heavily researched and are developing rapidly.

5. Prosthetic Hand • Objective • Explore some aspects of prosthetic limbs • Procedures • Brainstorm the parameters needed to design an artificial hand. • Design an artificial hand (Drawing only). • Describe how it will work (Label the drawing carefully). • Repeat steps 1-3 for a foot. • Conclusions • Compare your results for the hand and foot. What similarities or differences do you notice? • Would your brainstorming and designing be different for an arm? A Leg? • Using the computer, check your brainstorming and designing ideas. Were they complete? What did you not include?

6. Pre-Class Tuesday 12-4-12 The number of biomedical jobs is still predicted to increase faster than any other job field over the next few years. What do you think is the biggest factor in this growth?

7. Specialty Areas • Bioinstrumentation: the application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease [similar to EE] • Biomaterials: use of both living tissue and artificial materials for implantation [research based] • Biomechanics: applies classical mechanics (statics, dynamics, fluids, solids, thermodynamics, and continuum mechanics) to biological or medical problems [a.k.a. the “physics” of the body] • Cellular, Tissue, Genetic Engineering: involve more recent attempts to attack biomedical problems at the microscopic level [a.k.a. the “chemistry” of the body] • Clinical Engineering: application of technology to health care in hospitals [similar to CE]

8. Specialty Areas (continued) • Medical Imaging: combines knowledge of sound, radiation, magnetism, light, etc. with high speed electronic data processing, analysis, and display to generate an image [optics] • Orthopedic Bioengineering: is the specialty where methods of engineering and computational mechanics have been applied for the understanding of the function of bones, joints and muscles, and for the design of artificial joint replacements [how the body moves] • Rehabilitation Engineering: enhance the capabilities and improve the quality of life for individuals with physical and cognitive impairments • Systems Physiology: uses engineering strategies, techniques, and tools to gain a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the function of living organisms ranging from bacteria to humans

9. Pre-Class Wednesday 12-5-12 Genetic Engineering involves more recent attempts to attack biomedical problems at the microscopic level, a.k.a. the _____ of the body. chemistry

10. Athletic or Working Shoe • Objective Design 2 shoes: an athletic shoe and a dress shoe. • Procedures • Brainstorm what specifics a pair of athletic shoes might require (can be tailored to a specific sport/job) • Design the shoe (sketch and label) • Repeat steps 1 and 2 for a dress (working) shoe • Research (Internet) • Is there a shoe on the market similar to yours? If so, what is it? • How will you market your shoe? (style, weight, cost, etc.) • Conclusions • What was the biggest factor in designing your shoes? Why? (can have different answers for each shoe) • What will make your shoe better than those already available?

11. Helping “Others” • Objective • Work with a “doctor” to solve a problem • Procedures • Divide into groups of 2 • Use the Internet to go to www.edheads.org • Complete the following activities: • Choose a Prosthetic • Design a Cell Phone • Crash Scene Investigation • Record observations and answers to the various questions or problems in a word doc. State the outcome as your conclusion.

12. Pre-Class Thursday 12-6-12 How might biomedical engineering help the sports industry? Example?

13. How you hear • Middle Ear has the anvil, hammer, and stirrup. • Inner ear has the cochlea. http://www.jimmyr.com/blog/hearingloss.swf

14. Optical Devices

16. Limitations to the human eye More than Your Eyes can See

17. Robotic Hand • Objective • To design a robotic hand to complete 3 “basic” tasks • Materials • Lego kits • Nothing else added • Procedures • Design, build and test a robotic human hand.

18. What it must do… • Hand goes from having all fingers extended to just holding up the index finger. • Clench tight into a fist. • Perform a “hand shake” with the teacher. Specific Notes: • The robotic hand must be of adult, male size (to include 4 fingers and 1 opposable thumb) • Can use a motor, but mechanical driven by human is fine (e.g. hand cranked works)