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The Book of Isaiah

The Book of Isaiah. God Is with Us! (Isaiah 7—12). God Is with Us! (Isaiah 7—12). Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts” (Isa. 8:18).

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The Book of Isaiah

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  1. The Book of Isaiah God Is with Us! (Isaiah 7—12) The Book of Isaiah

  2. God Is with Us! (Isaiah 7—12) • Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts” (Isa. 8:18). • This statement is a key to understanding the meaning of the events and prophecies in this section. • Isaiah previously focused on the spiritual needs of his people, • Now he deals with the political situation and the failure of the leaders to trust the Lord. • Four symbolic names are involved in Isaiah’s messages, each of them with a very special meaning: • Emmanuel, • Maher-shalal-hash-baz, • Shear-j ashub, and • Isaiah. The Book of Isaiah

  3. Observations concerning Isaiah 7 • Next to Isaiah 53, Isaiah 7 has been one of the most contested parts of the book. • Isaiah 7:14 is a pivotal Messianic prophecy which is crucial to the understanding of the whole message of Isaiah. • Isa 7:14 "Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. • Isaiah 7:14 is a watershed which separates conservative Biblical scholarship from the so-called liberal school of Old Testament exegesis. The Book of Isaiah

  4. Isaiah 7 The Book of Immanuel Prophecies during the Reign of Ahaz (735-715 B.C.) Chapter 7:1,2Rezin of Damascus and Pekah of Samaria plan to capture Jerusalem. Chapter 7:3-9 Isaiah brings Ahaz a message of reassurance from the Lord. Chapter 7:10-13Ahaz disbelieves the prophet and rejects the offer of a sign. Chapter 7:14-16 Nevertheless, the Lord gives the house of Judah a sign: The birth of Immanuel. Chapter 7:17 Judah's real peril not Rezin and Pekah, but the Assyrian king. Chapter 7:18-25 The Assyrian invasion will result in extreme desolation. The Book of Isaiah

  5. A promise to King Ahaz (Isa 7:1—9) • These were perilous days for the nation of Judah. • Assyria was growing stronger and threatening the smaller nations whose security depended on a very delicate political balance. • Syria and Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) tried to pressure Judah into an alliance against Assyria, but Ahaz refused to join them. • Ahaz had secretly made a treaty with Assyria (2 Ki 16:5—9) • The king was playing “power politics” instead of trusting in the power of God. • Syria and Ephraim planned to overthrow Ahaz and put “the son of Tabeel” on the throne • Ahaz was a frightened man. The Book of Isaiah

  6. A promise to King Ahaz (Isa 7:1—9) • The Lord commanded Isaiah to take his son Shear-jashub (“a remnant shall return”) and meet Ahaz as the king was inspecting the city’s water system. • Ahaz's heart had been wavering, and the hearts of his people had been shaking for fear (Isa. 7:2), • Isaiah came with a message of assurance: • “Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted” (v. 4). The Book of Isaiah

  7. A promise to King Ahaz (Isa 7:1—9) • How would Ahaz find this inner peace? • By believing God’s promise that Judah’s enemies would be defeated. • “If you will not believe, surely you shall not be established” (v. 9 NKJV). • Faith in God’s promises is the only way to find peace in the midst of trouble. • “You will keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on You, because he trusts in You” (Isa 26:3 NKJV). The Book of Isaiah

  8. Isaiah 7:1 • 1 It came to pass that in the days of Ahaz, • the son of Jotham, • the son of Uzziah, the king of Judah, • that Rezin, the king of Syria • and Pekah, the son of Ramaliah, • went up to Jerusalem to war against it, • but could not subdue it. • In the days of Ahaz . . . • Of all the kings of Judah, Ahaz was one of the most sinister, debased and disastrous rulers in the history of his people. • His idolatrous proclivities and lack of true statesmanship brought irreparable harm to Judah. • In appealing to Tiglath-pileser for help against Samaria and Syria, Ahaz invited the wolf to protect the sheep. • This misguided act of so-called "practical politics" eventually sealed the doom not only of Israel but also of Judah. The Book of Isaiah

  9. Isaiah 7:1 • 1 It came to pass that in the days of Ahaz, • the son of Jotham, • the son of Uzziah, the king of Judah, • that Rezin, the king of Syria • and Pekah, the son of Ramaliah, • went up to Jerusalem to war against it, • but could not subdue it. • Apparently the purpose of the Syro-Ephraimitic expedition against Ahaz was to force him into an alliance against Assyria, • or failing this, to put on the throne of Judah a collaborator, an unknown person called "the son of Tabael" (v. 6) . • Isaiah and Ahaz provide us with a study in contrasting character, faith and unbelief, • far-sighted vision and wisdom, • contrasted by moral decadence and political obtuseness. The Book of Isaiah

  10. Isaiah 7:2 • 2 When the house of David was informed that Syria was encamped in Ephraim, • his heart and the heart of his people trembled, • as the trees of the forest tremble before the wind. • Had the two invading northern confederates succeeded in their plan, they would have wiped out the whole Davidic dynasty of which Ahaz was, at that point in history, the degenerated and unworthy representative. • Ahaz had ample reason to be in terror of the two kings. • Only recently each of them had in turn inflicted a terrible holocaust upon Judah and decimated her people. (2 Chron. 28:5-8). • Ahaz and the house of Judah had ample cause to tremble "like trees of the forest before the wind.” The Book of Isaiah

  11. Isaiah 7:3-4 • 3 Then said the LORD to Isaiah, go out to meet Ahaz, • you and your son Shear-Yashub, • to the end of the aqueduct of the upper pool, • to the road of the fuller's field. • 4 And say to him: take heed and keep calm, • do not be afraid, • and let not your heart melt before these two stumps of smouldering firebrands, • before the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, • and of the son of Remaliah. The Book of Isaiah

  12. Isaiah 7:5-9 • 5 Because Syria, Ephraim and the son of Remaliah • have designed an evil plan against thee, saying: • 6 Let us march against Judah • and harass him, • and we will set up a king in their midst, • namely the son of Tabael: • 7 Thus saith the Lord Jehovah, • It will not happen, nor come to pass. • 8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, • and the head of Damascus is Rezin, • and within sixty-five years • Ephraim will be broken in pieces, • so that it will be a people no more. • 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, • and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. • If you will not believe, you will certainly not survive. The Book of Isaiah

  13. Isaiah 7:3 • Then said the LORD to Isaiah, go out to meet Ahaz, • you and your son Shear-Yashub, • to the end of the aqueduct of the upper pool, • to the road of the fuller's field. • Ahaz was completely dismayed and frightened. • Ahaz had very likely gone out to the city aqueduct to inspect the water supply of Jerusalem before the expected siege. • The Lord, mindful of His promise to David (2 Sam. 7:12-16), sent Isaiah accompanied by his son Shear-Yashub (A-Remnant-Shall Return) to Ahaz with a message of reassurance. • The presence of Shear-Yashub was to serve both as a warning of impending disaster and also as an assurance that even in the wrath of God there is mercy. The Book of Isaiah

  14. Isaiah 7:4-7 • And say to him: take heed and keep calm, • do not be afraid, • and let not your heart melt before these two stumps of smouldering firebrands, • before the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, • and of the son of Remaliah. • 5 Because Syria, Ephraim and the son of Remaliah • have designed an evil plan against thee, saying: • 6 Let us march against Judah and harass him, • and we will set up a king in their midst, • namely the son of Tabael: • 7 Thus saith the Lord Jehovah, • It will not happen, • nor come to pass. The Book of Isaiah

  15. Isaiah 7:4-7 • "Do not panic, but trust in the Lord,” was the prophet's counsel for Ahaz. • Later, when Hezekiah was king, he was considering an alliance with Egypt against Sennacherib. • Isaiah was also sent to warn the king against it. • "In quietness and in confidence shall be your strength," (30:15) was the prophet's advice. • What seemed a terrible menace to Ahaz in reality was only a passing dark cloud, • Rezin and Pekah were just "two smouldering firebrands" about to burn out. • The term "the Lord Jehovah" (v. 7) emphasizes the absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of God. The Book of Isaiah

  16. Isaiah 7:8-9 • 8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, • and the head of Damascus is Rezin, • and within sixty-five years • Ephraim will be broken in pieces, • so that it will be a people no more. • 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, • and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. • If you will not believe, you will certainly not survive. • God, through Isaiah, sets a definite time limit for the end of Ephraim as a people - 65 years. • History confirmed Isaiah's prediction. • Within sixty-five years Ephraim was broken in pieces. The Book of Isaiah

  17. Isaiah 7:8-9 • The chronological order of events after Isaiah's prediction: • 734 B.C Isaiah met Ahaz (Isa. 7:3). • 732 B.C. Damascus was captured and Rezin killed (2 Ki. 16:9). • 722 B,C. Samaria was captured and a large part of her population carried off into captivity (2 Ki. 17:4.8) • 669 B.C. Esar-haddon, king of Assyria, put a complete end to Samaria by carrying off the rest of the ten northern tribes to Assyria and resettling Samaria with colonists from the Assyrian provinces, who became known as "Samaritans" (2Ki 17: 22-24). • The 65 year period (734-669 B.C.) prophesied by Isaiah was literally fulfilled and Ephraim ceased to be a separate and distinct people. The Book of Isaiah

  18. A promise to King Ahaz (Isa 7:8-9) • In God’s eyes, the two threatening kings were nothing but “two smoldering stubs of firewood” (7:4 NIV) who would be off the scene very soon. • They both died two years later. • Isaiah spoke this prophecy in the year 734 BC. • Assyria defeated Syria in 732 BC and invaded Israel in 722 BC. • They deported many of the Jews and assimilated the rest by introducing Gentiles into the land. • By 669 BC (sixty-five years later), the nation no longer existed. • Within 65 years, Ephraim (Israel, the northern kingdom) would be gone forever – never to reappear as a separate national entity again. The Book of Isaiah

  19. Isaiah 7:9 • 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, • and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. • If you will not believe, you will certainly not survive. • If you will not believe, you will not survive . . - [or remain]. • The prophet again uses a play on words, which in the Hebrew original reads: • "Im lo taaminu - lo teamenu." • The alliteration escapes us in the English translation. • Isaiah was telling his people that in order to survive they must believe. Same warning applies to us today. • Because of its preciseness some critics have called this particular prophecy a vaticinium ex post event u — a prophecy made after the event had already taken place. • This only serves to reveal the critic's blind spot in refusing to accept the possibility of predictive prophecy, while expecting others to accept his unbelief as an article of faith. The Book of Isaiah

  20. A sign to the house of David (Isa 7:10-16). • The ultimate fulfillment of this prophecy is in our Lord Jesus Christ, who is “God with us” (Mat 1:18—25; Luk 1:31—35). • The virgin birth of Christ is a key doctrine; • If Jesus Christ is not God come in sinless human flesh, then we have no Savior. • Jesus had to be born of a virgin, apart from human generation. • He was not just born in this world; • He came down from heaven into the world (John 3:13; 6:33, 38, 41—42, 50—51, 58). • Jesus was sent by the Father and therefore came into the world having a human mother but not a human father (4:34; 5:23—24, 30; 9:4). The Book of Isaiah

  21. The Sign of The Virgin Isaiah 7:10-14 • 10 And the Lord spoke again to Ahaz, saying: • 11 Ask thee a sign from the LORD thy God, either from the depth below or in the height above. • But Ahaz said: • "I shall not ask, nor will I tempt the LORD." • 13 And he [Isaiah] said: • Hear ye now, O house of David, • is it not enough that you weary men, • will ye also weary my God? • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive • and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. The Book of Isaiah

  22. The Sign of The Virgin Isaiah 7:15-17 • 15 Butter and honey shall he eat • till he knows to refuse evil • and to choose good. • 16 For before the boy shall know to refuse evil, • the land of whose two kings • thou art in terror shall be forsaken. • 17 The LORD will bring upon thee • and upon thy people a day, • such as has not come since the day • when Ephraim seceded from Judah, • that is the king of Assyria. The Book of Isaiah

  23. A sign to the house of David (Isa 7:10-16). • This “sign” had an immediate significance to Ahaz and the people of Judah. • A woman who was then a virgin would get married, conceive, and bear a son whose name would be “Emmanuel.” • The son would be a reminder that God was with His people and would care for them. • It is likely that this virgin was Isaiah’s second wife • — his first wife having died after Shear-jasub was born • It is likely that Isaiah’s second son was named both “Emmanuel” and “Maher-shalal-hash-baz” (8:1—4; note vv. 8, 10). The Book of Isaiah

  24. A sign to the house of David (Isa 7:10-16). • If Ahaz had believed God’s promise, he would have broken his alliance and called the nation to prayer and praise, but the king continued in his unbelief. • Realizing the weakness of the king’s faith, Isaiah offered to give a sign to encourage him, • But, Ahaz put on a “pious front” and refused his offer. • Knowing that he was secretly allied with Assyria, how could Ahaz honestly ask the Lord for a special sign? • So, instead of speaking only to the king, Isaiah addressed the whole “house of David” and gave the prophecy concerning “Emmanuel.” The Book of Isaiah

  25. A sign to the house of David (Isa 7:10-16). • Orthodox Jewish boys become “sons of the law” at the age of twelve. • This special son was a reminder that Syria and Ephrairn would be out of the picture within the next twelve years. • Isaiah delivered his prophecy in 734 BC. • In 732 BC Assyria defeated Syria, and in 722 BC Assyria invaded the northern kingdom. • The prophecy was fulfilled. The Book of Isaiah

  26. Isaiah 7:10 • 10 And the Lord spoke again to Ahaz, saying: • below or in the height above. • The Lord spoke again to Ahaz ... • In verse 3, the Lord spoke to Isaiah. • Here He addresses Himself directly to Ahaz. • It is not clear whether God spoke directly to Ahaz or if He spoke to him through Isaiah. • In any case, when the prophet of God speaks, God speaks through him. • God's word and that of His prophet are inseparable. The Book of Isaiah

  27. Isaiah 7:11 • 11 Ask thee a sign from the LORD thy God, • either from the depth • Ask thee a sign from the LORD, thy God. • The Lord offered to give Ahaz any sign which he might ask whether down below on earth or above in heaven. • In spite of the rank apostasy of Ahaz and his gross disloyalty, the Lord still calls Himself "thy God," • Perhaps to stimulate any latent faith within Ahaz. • Or to remind Ahaz of who he was dealing with… The Book of Isaiah

  28. Isaiah 7:12 • But Ahaz said: "I shall not ask, nor will I tempt the LORD.“ • Ahaz conveniently assuming the mantle of "pious scruple" refused "to tempt God." • He had already decided to ask Tiglathpileser for help. • Ahaz was not tempting God but disobeying Him – almost daring God to act – getting on God’s last nerve, as it were • Deut 6:16 "Ye shall not tempt the LORD your God." • When the devil tempted Jesus, asking Him for a sign to prove who He was, Christ quoted to him that very commandment. • Here the LORD Himself who commanded Ahaz to ask for a sign, which he hypocritically refused to do. The Book of Isaiah

  29. Isaiah 7:12 • But Ahaz said: "I shall not ask, nor will I tempt the LORD.“ • A sign in Hebrew is oth, H226 • It may be an event or a symbolic action, which serves to authenticate the prophet's word as God's message. • The predicted event may or may not be a miracle, and may come to pass immediately, or in the distant future. • Sometimes the person to whom the sign was given did not live to see it come to pass. • The sign was given in order that when it came to pass, future generations might know that the God who spoke also fulfilled the promise which He made. The Book of Isaiah

  30. Isaiah 7:13 • 13 And he [Isaiah] said: • Hear ye now, O house of David, • is it not enough that you weary men, • will ye also weary my God? • It is not enough that you weary men - • After Ahaz refused the offered sign, the prophet addressed himself not only to Ahaz but to all the household of David. • In the past the kings of Judah had often wearied God by refusing to believe His messengers. • Now Ahaz and the whole house of David were wearying the Lord by refusing to believe Him. The Book of Isaiah

  31. DAVID DAVID Beloved 70 Years Ru 4:17, 22, 1 Sa 16:13 • King DAVID’s children • born in Jerusalem • SHAMMUAH • SHAMMUA / SHIMEA • SHOBAB • NATHAN • SOLOMON • IBHAR • ELISHUA • ELISHAMA • ELIPHELET • ELPALET • NOGAH • NEPHEG • JAPHIA • ELSIHAMA • ELIADA • BEELIADA • ELIPHELET • ELIPHALET • 2 Sa 5:13-16, 1 Ch 3:4-9, 14:4-7 • David was 30 when he began to reign. He reigned for 40 years. • He reigned from Hebron over Judah 7 ½ years. • 6 sons were born in Hebron, • The other 13 in Jerusalem. • He reigned over all Israel and Judah 33 years. • 2 Sa 2:11, 5:4-5, 1 Kg 2:11 JERIMOTH Son of David 2 Ch 11:18 • 3 Kings ruled all of Israel (12 tribes + Levi) • King SAUL reigned 40 years Acts 13:21 • King DAVID reigned 40 years 2 Sa 5:4, 1 Kg 2:11 • King SOLOMON reigned 40 years 1 Kg 11:42, 2 Ch 9:30 • The northern breakaway kingdom of ISRAEL (10 tribal lands), fell to the Assyrians. • The southern kingdom of JUDAH (tribal lands of Judah and Benjamin) formed when the northern tribes rebelled. Jerusalem was its capital. It was captured by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar 100 years after the fall of Israel to the Assyrians. 2 Kg 11:32

  32. DAVID ADONIJAH4 Attempted to seize throne Put to death by Solomon 1 Kg 1:5, 11, 2:13 DAVID Beloved 70 Years Ru 4:17, 22, 1 Sa 16:13 AHINOAM Jezeriletress HAGGITH AMNON1 Killed by brother, Absalom 1 Sa 25:43, 27:3,30:5, 2 Sa 2:2, 3:2, 13:1-39 SHEPHATIAH5 2 Sa 3:4, 1 Ch 3:3 ABITAL ABIGAIL Carmelitress 1 Sa 125:3, 39, 27:3, 30:5,18 ITHREAM 2 Sa 3:5 1 Ch 3:3 EGLAH NABAL Carmelite, of the house of Caleb ELIAM AMMIEL 2 Sa 11:3,1 Ch 3:5 DANIEL2 CHILEAB 2 Sa 3:3 URIAH URIAS Hittite 2 Ch 13:2 TALMAI King of Geshur 2 Sa 3:3, 13:37 BATH SHEBA BATH-SHUA MAACHAH MAADHAH MAACHAH Queen of Abijah, The 2nd King of Judah ABSALOM3 ABISHALOM Killed brother, Amnon / Killed by Joab 2 Sa 13:1, 14:25, 18:10,14, 1 Kg 15:2, 10 NATHAN3 2 Sa 5:14, 1 Ch 3:5 SOLOMON2 Beloved of God JEDIDIAH Name given by Nathan 2 Sa 12:24,25, 1 Ch 3:5, 14:4, 23:1, 2 Ch 1:12, 1 Kg 11:!,3, Ne 13:26 Child who Died 1 2 Sa 3:5, 1 Ch 3:3 TAMAR Raped by Absolom URIEL Of Gibea 2 Ch 13:2 Sister 3Sons 2 Sa 14:27

  33. Judah The Southern Kingdom Kings and Kingdoms Israel The Northern Kingdom • Rehoboam 17 • Abijam 3 • Asa 41 • Jehoshaphat 25 975 BC • Jeroboam 22 • Nadab 2 • Baasha 24 • EIah 2 • Zimri (1 wk) • Omri 12 • Ahab 22 • Ahaziah 2 976 BC 1st Kings 1st Kings • Jehoram 8 • Ahiah 1 • Athaliah 6 • Joash 40 • Amaziah 29 • Azariah (Uzziah) 52 • Jotham 16 • Ahaz 16 • Hezekiah 29 • Manasseh 55 • Amon 2 • Josiah 31 • Jehoahaz (3 mos) • Jehoiakim(Joconiah) 11 • Jehoiakin (3 mos) • Zedekiah 11 • Zerubbabel • Jehoram 12 • Jehu 28 • Jehoahaz 17 • Jehoash 16 • Jeroboam ll 41 • Zechariah ½ • Shallum (1 mo) • Menahem 10 • Pekahiah 2 • Pekah 20 • Hoshea 9 Elisha  Hosea  Amos  Bad to Worse 250 years 2nd Kings Jonah (Ninevah) • Joel •  Micah • Isaiah •  Zephaniah 2nd Kings 370 years 721 BC Assyrian Captivity Nahum  Jeremiah  Habakkuk  Obadiah  Daniel  Ezekiel 606 BC BabyIonian Captivity Ezra / Haggai Nehemiah / Zechariah Esther / Malachi

  34. The House of David • All died violent deaths • Skipped in Matthew’s list • Ahaziah • slain by Jehu 2 Kings 9 • Joash • slain by servants 2 Kgs 12 • Amaziah • slain by the people of Jerusalem 2 Kings 14 Solomon Rehoboam Abijah Asa Jehoshaphat Jehoram Ahaziah* Joash* Amaziah* Uzziah Jotham Ahaz Hezekiah Manasseh Amon Josiah Matthew Jehoiakim* Jehoiachin* Salathiel** Zerubbabel Abiud Ehakim Azor Sadoc Achim Eliud Eleazar Matthan Jacob Joseph 14 God is dealing with idolatry “to the 3rd and 4th generations” Ex 20:4-5 Their names are therefore “blotted out” according to the Law Deu 29:20 The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out his name from under heaven. 14

  35. The House of David Salathiel Zerubbabel Rhesa Joanna Juda Joseph Semei Mattathias Maath Nagge Esli Naum Amos Mattathias Joseph Janna Meichi Levi Matthat Heli (Mary) Solomon Rehoboam Abijah Asa Jehoshaphat Jehoram Ahaziah* Joash* Amaziah* Uzziah Jotham Ahaz Hezekiah Manasseh Amon Josiah Jehoiakim Nathan Mattatha Menan Melea Eliakim Jonan Joseph Juda Simeon Levi Matthat Jorim Eliezer Jose Er Elmodam Cosam Addi Melchi Neri Luke Matthew Jehoiachin Salathiel Zerubbabel Abiud Ehakim Azor Sadoc Achim Eliud Eleazar Matthan Jacob Joseph

  36. Jesus Divine “Bloodline” • Joseph's lineage is Judaic through David and Solomon but was cursed at his ancestor, Jeconiah. • God declared that no descendant of Jeconiah’s would ever sit on the throne. • For Jesus to sit on the throne, he could not be Joseph’s biological( blood) son. • Jesus divinity is through and by the Holy Spirit . • Jesus humanity is through Mary, his mother. • Mary was found to be with child by the Holy Spirit. • Joseph did not ‘know’ her until after Jesus‘ birth. • Jesus was the son of God…son of man…

  37. Jesus Human Bloodline • Jesus’ humanity and right to the throne had to pass to Him through His un-cursed, Judaic royal bloodline through Mary. • Jesus was born of the tribe of Judah through David and Nathan down through Mary’s father, Heli to Mary. • Jesus’ inherited rights to the throne ran through both Joseph and Mary. • Joseph's Judaic ancestry carried God’s curse but Mary’s did not. • Jesus did not, could not, carry Joseph’s bloodline. • Mary was Jesus’ mother but Joseph was not His father (except by adoption and custom).

  38. Jesus Priesthood • Zacharias’ and Elisabeth's Levitical lineage was pure, each tracing all the way back to Aaron • Mary and Elisabeth were cousins, so the Levitical line must have come through Mary’s mother. Mary’ mother must have been a Levite, like Elisabeth. • Mary’s father was a Judahite, so Mary was considered a Judahite. • John's priesthood is inherited after the order of Aaron under the Levitical covenant and Law • Jesus priesthood is according to the law (Aaronic) through Mary’s mother but it was declared by God to be after the order of Melchezidek. • The only persons in Scripture who are both Kings and priests are Melchezidek and Jesus (and now the Church through Jesus the Christ - those born again in Him.

  39. Jesus Lineage – Family Relationships Priestly Line (LEVITE) Royal Line (JUDAHITE) Abraham Isaac Jacob LEVI JUDAH brothers AARON DAVID Solomon Nathan brothers Jechoniah (lineage cursed) Elisabeth & Mary’s Grandfather Jacob Elisabeth’s father Mary’s mother Heli – Mary’s father siblings espoused Mary Elisabeth Joseph Zacharias cousins Husband of Mary humanity John the Baptist HOLY SPIRIT Jesus, Immanuel 2nd cousins divinity A priest after the order of Aaron A priest after the order of Melchezidek

  40. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin [ almahH5959] shall conceive • and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • The Meaning of Almah in The Old Testament • H5959 עלמה ‛almâhal-maw‘ • a lass (as veiled or private): - damsel, maid, virgin. • "almah" is derived from the verb "alam," "to hide," or "to conceal," an apt term for the nature of virginity. • To fully understand its meaning in application, it is also necessary to determine the Old Testament usage of the word "almah," which appears first in in connection with Rebekah, the future bride of Isaac. The Book of Isaiah

  41. Isaiah 7:14 • Genesis 24:43 "Behold I stand by a well of water, when the virgin [almah] water, when the virgin [almah] cometh to the well to draw water." • Rebekah was previously described in this manner: • "And the damsel [naarah] was very fair to look upon, a virgin [bethulahl], neither has any man known her" v16 • Rebekah is referred to in the same chapter of Genesis as: • "a damsel - naarah; • a virgin — bethulah; and • almah, another term for virgin or a young unmarried woman of good repute. • The term 'almah" is never applied to a married woman. The Book of Isaiah

  42. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • The word "almah" and its plural "alamoth" occurs 7 times in the Hebrew Scripture: • Gen 24:43 — applied to Rebekah, the future bride of Isaac • Exo 2:8 — applied to Miriam, the sister of Moses • Psa 68:25 — translated "damsels" playing with timbrels in King James Version (plural "alamoth") • Song of Solomon 1:3 and6:8— virgins (of the royal court) • Pro 30:19 — King James Version — "The way of a man with a maid" (almah) • Isa 7:14 — "Behold the virgin. .....(ha-almah) • In every instance the context decidedly favors the translation "virgin.“ • Until the word "almah" became an issue, it was always translated "a virgin" by both Jewish and Christian scholars. The Book of Isaiah

  43. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • Almah in the Septuagint and in the New Testament • In the 3rd century B.C., before there ever was a Christological controversy between Jews and Christians, the Jewish translators of the Septuagint rendered the word "almah" with the Greek term for virgin "parthenos." • Matthew in 1:23, quoting Isaiah 7:14 from the Septuagint used the same term "parthenos.” The Book of Isaiah

  44. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • Almah in Modern Hebrew • In modern Hebrew the word "virgin" is rendered either as "almah" or "bethulah." • The English-Hebrew Dictionary, (Efros, Kaufman, and Silk, Tel-Aviv) translates the word "virgin" into Hebrew with "almah," or "betulah." • Reuben Alcalay, (chief of the Translation Department of the Prime Minister's office of Israel) in The Complete English-Hebrew Dictionary, translates the word "miss" as "alinah." • Etymologically, contextually and historically the word "almah" means "a virgin," and is correctly so translated in the KJV. • The translation of "almah" as a "young woman" in the RSV is ambiguous and therefore misleading. The Book of Isaiah

  45. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • Why didn’t Isaiah choose the common noun "bethulah" for virgin? • The term "bethulah" while often used in the OT in the sense of "a virgin," sometimes also refers to "a married woman," for instance: • Lament like "a virgin" (bethulah) girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth (Joel 1:8) • Clearly the bethulah in this passage was a married woman, who lost her husband - not a virgin. • Deuteronomy 22:19 describes a married woman, after the wedding night is as bethulah. • Of all the possible terms Isaiah might have used to describe a virgin, "almah" was the best and least ambiguous. • almah always refers to an unmarried woman. The Book of Isaiah

  46. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • How did Ahaz understand the words of Isaiah, and what did they mean to the prophet himself? • Jewish, and some Christian commentators, maintain that if the sign was to have any meaning to Ahaz and his household, it had to be relevant to their immediate problem. • The birth of a Savior some seven centuries in the future would have meant little to them. • “The sign" which the Lord gave to the house of Judah was relevant both to the current situation of Ahaz, as well as to the more basic predicament of Judah, namely her apostate condition and the need of redemption for all of Israel. The Book of Isaiah

  47. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • The disbelieving and idolatrous Ahaz understood that he was being offered an assurance that he need not fear his two mortal enemies who were threatening his reign and the future of his dynasty. • A virgin will conceive and bear a son and will call his name "Immanuel." • This will be a sign that "God is with us." • By the time this child was 12, the two kings who were threatening his life and his kingdom, would be no more. • The idolatrous Ahaz was not willing to receive the assurance given to him by God. • He did not comprehend the significance of the sign given to him by God, and its implications for the future destiny of Israel. But even on this pedestrian and literal level Ahaz The Book of Isaiah

  48. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • No one was more deeply aware of Israel's real peril than Isaiah. • The menace to Israel did not come from "the two smouldering firebrands," nor from the unspeakable Assyrian, terrible as he later proved to be. • To Isaiah, Israel's people were perishing from a moral disease, from leprosy of the soul. • Its "head" represented by wicked Ahaz was mortally sick. • The nation was covered with open sores from head to toe. • Only God could save His people and He would do this in sending a divine Redeemer, who would be an offspring of the stem of Jesse (11:1). The Book of Isaiah

  49. Isaiah 7:14 • 14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, • behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, • and shall call his name Immanu-el [God-With-Us]. • Isaiah's expectation for the destiny of Israel was the Messianic hope. • A careful analysis of Isaiah's prophecies makes it clear that the prophet expected such a God-given supernatural Redeemer. • Isaiah 7:14 predicts His birth. • Isaiah 9:6,7 describes His birth and Divine character. • Isaiah 53 describes His death. • Isaiah 11:1-5 describes His glorious reign. The Book of Isaiah

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