1 / 58

Lymphatic System Immune System

Lymphatic System Immune System. Functions of the Immune System . The function of the immune system Protect the entire body from a variety of harmful substances. Combining form: IMMUN/o immune, protected and safe. Functions of the Lymphatic System Page 123.

navid
Télécharger la présentation

Lymphatic System Immune System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lymphatic SystemImmune System

  2. Functions of the Immune System • The function of the immune system • Protect the entire body from a variety of harmful substances. • Combining form: • IMMUN/o immune, protected and safe

  3. Functions of the Lymphatic System Page 123 • Three primary functions: • Return excess lymph (interstitial) fluid to the blood. • Absorb fats and fat soluble vitamins from the digestive system and transport them to the cells. • Functions as part of the immune system to defend the body against foreign organisms.

  4. Structures of the Immune System • Immune system is not contained with in a single organ or vessel • Immune system depends on structures from • Lymphatic system • Cardiovascular system • Integumentary system

  5. Structures of the Lymphatic System Page 123 • Major structures of the lymphatic system: • Lymph vessels Lymph nodes • Lymph fluid Tonsils • Adenoids Spleen • Thymus Lymphocytes

  6. Lymphatic System • Lymph Fluid • intercellular • Lymph Vessels • Lymph Capillaries > Lymph vessels • Right lymphatic duct & Thoracic Duct • Lacteals in sm int

  7. Lymph Capillaries and Lymph Vessels Page 123 • Lymph Capillaries: thin walled tubes that carry lymph from the tissue spaces to the larger lymphatic vessels. • Lymphatic Vessels: • Have valves to prevent the backward flow of fluid • Lymph always flows toward the thoracic cavity.

  8. Lymphatic System

  9. Lymph Fluid Page 123 • AKA: intercellular or interstitial fluid • Clear, colorless tissue fluid that leaves the capillaries and flows in the tissue spaces between cells. • Lymph fluid brings nutrients and hormones to the cells. • Carries waste products from these tissues

  10. Lymph Nodes

  11. Lymph Nodes Page 124 • 3 functions of the lymph nodes • Produce lymph cells (lymphocytes) • Filter lymph and trap substances from inflammatory and cancerous lesions. • Macrophages: located in lymph nodes can engulf and destroy foreign substances.

  12. Lymphatic System • Cervical • Axillary • Inguinal

  13. Major Lymph Node SitesTable 6.1 Page 124 • Cervical lymph nodes: located in the neck (CERVIC/o neck) • Axillary lymph nodes: located under the arms. (AXILL/o armpit) • Inguinal lymph nodes: located in the groin area of the lower abdomen. (INGUIN/o groin) • Appendix & Peyer’s patches: specialized lymph nodes located in the intestines.

  14. Tonsils and Adenoids Page 125 Table 6.2 • Tonsils and Adenoids: masses of lymphatic tissue that form a protective ring around the nose and upper throat.

  15. Combining Forms -Know all of these! • ADENOID/ o Adenoid • TONSILL/o Tonsil • NAS/o Nose • PHARYNG/o Pharynx • PALAT/o Palate or roof of mouth

  16. Spleen Page 125 • Saclike mass of lymphatic tissue • Produces lymphocytes and monocytes • Filters microorganisms and other foreign material from the blood. • Stores red blood cells • Maintains appropriate balance between cells and plasma in the body

  17. Combining Forms – Know all of these! • SPLEN/o Spleen • The spleen is hemolytic which means it removes and destroys worn out red blood cells. • HEM/o Blood • -LYTIC Reduce or Destroy

  18. Pathology • Lymphadenitis • Lymphadenopathy • Lymphangioma

  19. Immune System Defense • First Line of Defense • Skin (Intact) free of cuts, scrapes, or open sores. • Skin is a physical barrier to prevent entry of invading organisms

  20. Immune System Defense • Respiratory system is also a primary line of defense • foreign matter that is breathed in is trapped by cilia (nose hairs) • mucus secreted continually flushes away foreign matter. • Coughing and sneezing removes matter also.

  21. Immune System Defense • Digestive system has a protective function also. • Destroys bacteria and other invaders that are accidentally allowed or consumed with food.

  22. Antigen-Antibody ReactionsPage 127 • Antigen: any substance such as a virus, bacterium, or toxin that the body regards as foreign. Antigens stimulate the production to antibodies. • Antibodies: is a disease fighting protein developed by the body in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

  23. Antigen – Antibody ReactionPage 127 • The antigen – antibody reaction is also known as the Immune Reaction. • Binding antigens to antibodies to form antigen antibody complexes that render the toxic antigen harmless.

  24. Lymphocytes • Major class of white blood cells that specialize so they can attack specific microorganisms. • 3 types of lymphocytes • Monocytes: • Macrophage • Histocytes

  25. Monocytes • Lymphocyte formed in the bone marrow • Transported to other parts of the body • Become macrophages

  26. Macrophages • Type of lymphocyte • Protects the body by ingesting the invading cells.

  27. Histocytes • Large macrophages • Found in loose connective tissue • Two major types • T-Cells • B-Cells

  28. B Cells • Produced in bone marrow. • Designed to make a specific antibody against a specific antigen

  29. B Cells or B lymphocytes >Plasma Cells> secrete antibodies Complement Immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin D

  30. Plasma Cells • Produce and secrete antibodies with antibody specifically coded to match one antigen. • Effective against most free floating agents

  31. Complement • Series of complex proteins occurring in normal serum. • In an antigen - antibody reaction complement aids phagocytes in the destruction of antigens. • LYSIS: destruction of a cells by penetrating the cell wall, allowing fluid in, causing the cell ruptures.

  32. B Cells or B lymphocytes >Plasma Cells> secrete antibodies Complement Immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin D

  33. T Cells • T cells are small, circulating lymphocytes • Produced in bone marrow • T-cells live for years • Primary function is to coordinate immune defense and kill. • Responsible for graft rejections.

  34. Types of T Cells • Helper T cell: secrete substances that stimulate the production of antibodies by B cells. • Suppressor T cell: stops B-cell activity when this activity is no longer needed. • Memory T cell: remembers specific antigen and stimulate a faster and more intense response if the antigen returns.

  35. T Cells or T lymphocytes • Interferon • Lymphokines • Macrophage • Phagocyte

  36. Interferon • Produced by T-cells • Family of proteins released by cells when invaded by a virus. • Interferon induces non-infected cells to form an antiviral protein that slow or stops the viral multiplication.

  37. Lymphokines • Chemicals produced by the T cells • Direct the immune response between cells. • Attract macrophages to the site

  38. Hemocytoblast + Stem cells Normoblast meakaryocyte basophil Eosinophil Band cell monocyte lymphoblast Reticulocytes platelets neutrophils macrophage lymphocytes Erythrocytes B cells t cells

  39. Immune System in Action • Stage One • viruses invade body to invade cells and replicate. • Macrophages eat invading viruses • helper T cells activated.

  40. Immune System in Action • Stage Two • Helper T cells multiple • Helper T cells attract complement to the areas • Helper T stimulate multiplication B cells • B cells start producing antibodies

  41. Immune System in Action • Step Three • Complement proteins break open cells invaded by the virus and spill the viral content • Antibodies produced by the B cells inactivate the viruses.

  42. Immune System in Action • Stage Four • Suppressor T cells halt the immune response • B-cells remain ready in case the same virus invades again

  43. Immunity • Natural Immunity • Acquired Immunity • Artificial Immunity

  44. Immunity Pages 127-128 • Natural Immunity • Natural Passive Immunity: passed from mother to child before birth or immediately after birth through breast milk • Natural Active Immunity: Obtain by the development of antibodies during an attach of an infectious disease. (Example: chicken pox.)

  45. Immunity • Acquired Immunity • Artificial Active Immunity: process of artificially acquiring immunity through vaccination. (Immunization) • Artificial Passive Immunity: Acquired by receiving antiserum containing antibodies from another host. (Example: Snake bite)

  46. Pathology • Allergic Reactions • Autoimmune Disorders Table 6.4 • Immunodeficiency • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-AIDS • ELISA • Western Blot

  47. Treatment • Immunotherapy • Antibody Therapy • Immunosuppression

  48. Pathogenic Organisms • Bacteria • Fungus • Yeast • Parasites • Viruses

  49. Oncology • Tumor—Neoplasm • Angiogenesis • Benign • Maligant • Carcinoma in situ • Invasive malignancy • Metastasize • Metastasis

  50. Cancer

More Related