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Mastering Standard Solutions: From Liquids to Molarity

Learn the process of making standard solutions from liquids, understand markings on glassware, and grasp concepts like molarity and molality. Solve various concentration problems with detailed explanations.

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Mastering Standard Solutions: From Liquids to Molarity

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  1. How to mix a Standard Solution Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 480

  2. Process of Making a Standard Solution from Liquids Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 483

  3. Markings on Glassware Beaker 500 mL + 5% Range = 500 mL + 25 mL 475 – 525 mL Graduated Cylinder 500 mL + 0.2 mL Range = 499.8 – 500.2 mL Volumetric Flask TC 20oC “to contain at a temperature of 20 oC” 22 T TD “to deliver” “time in seconds” s

  4. Concentration…a measure of solute-to-solvent ratio concentrateddilute “lots of solute” “not much solute” “watery” Add water to dilute a solution; boil water off to concentrate it.

  5. mol D. molality (m) = moles of solute M L kg of solvent A. mass % = mass of solute mass of sol’n B. parts per million (ppm) also, ppb and ppt -- commonly used for minerals or contaminants in water supplies C. molarity (M) = moles of solute L of sol’n -- used most often in this class

  6. WRONG 7.85 kg KCl are dissolved in 2.38 L of solution. Find molality. 24.8 g table sugar (i.e., sucrose, C12H22O11) are mixed into 450 g water. Find molality.

  7. What mass of CaF2 must be added to 1,000 L of water so that fluoride atoms are present at a conc. of 1.5 ppm? = 3.34 x 1028 m’cules H2O

  8. mol M L How many moles solute are required to make 1.35 L of 2.50 M solution? mol = M L = 2.50 M (1.35 L) = 3.38 mol A. What mass sodium hydroxide is this? B. What mass magnesium phosphate is this?

  9. Find molarity if 58.6 g barium hydroxide are in 5.65 L solution.

  10. You have 10.8 g potassium nitrate. How many mL of solution will make this a 0.14 M solution? convert to mL

  11. Concentration • The amount of solute in a solution. • Describing Concentration • % by mass - medicated creams • % by volume - rubbing alcohol • ppm, ppb - water contaminants • molarity - used by chemists • molality - used by chemists

  12. mass of solvent only 1 kg water = 1 L water Molality

  13. Molarity of Solutions Molarity of Solutions Molarity of Solutions http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/Solutions1.htm

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