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Filsafat Hak Asasi Manusia

Mata Kuliah: HAK ASASI MANUSIA R. Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman Departemen Hukum Tata Negara Fakultas Hukum Universitas Airlangga 18 September 2012. Filsafat Hak Asasi Manusia. Tujuan Perkuliahan. TujuanPerkuliahan: Mehamami signifikansi HAM Memahami pembenaran klaim atas HAM

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Filsafat Hak Asasi Manusia

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  1. Mata Kuliah: HAK ASASI MANUSIA R. Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman Departemen Hukum Tata Negara Fakultas Hukum Universitas Airlangga 18 September 2012 Filsafat Hak Asasi Manusia

  2. Tujuan Perkuliahan TujuanPerkuliahan: • Mehamami signifikansi HAM • Memahami pembenaran klaim atas HAM • Memahami kritisisme filosofis HAM PokokBahasan: • Analisis Filsafat terhadap Konsepsi HAM • Pembenaran Klaim atas HAM • Hak moral dan hak hukum

  3. Literatur • Andrew Fagan (2006) Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Human Rights. Human Rights Centre, University Of Essex, UK. Source http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm • [Constitutional Law and Human Rights Studies] herlambangperdana.wordpress.com • Howard, Rhoda E (1995) Human Rights and the Search for Community. Colorado/Oxford: WestviewPress. • Hardiman, F. Budi (2011) Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia, Polemik dengan Agama dan Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Kanisius 

  4. Memahami Filsafat • Apa itu filsafat? Pencarian suatu pemahaman umum atas nilai-nilai dan realitas dengan cara spekulatif dibandingkan cara-cara observasi... Suatu analisis atas dasar-dasar dan konsep yang menjelaskan keyakinan secara mendasar

  5. Mengapa kajian filsafat diperlukan untuk memahami HAM?

  6. Pertanyaan reflektif (1)

  7. Universalitas • Apakah hak asasi manusia berlaku untuk semua individu / ummat manusia? • Human rights have been defined as 'basic moralguarantees that people in all countries and cultures allegedly have simply because they are people (Andrew Fagan 2006)

  8. Pertanyaan reflektif (2)

  9. Pembenaran Moral • The moral justificationof human rights is thought to precede considerationsof strict national sovereignty (Andrew Fagan 2006) • The contemporary doctrine of human rightsis one of a number of universalist moral perspectives. The origins and development of the theory of human rights is inextricably tied to the development of moral universalism.

  10. Pertanyaan reflektif (3)

  11. Pertanyaan reflektif (4)

  12. Moral Rights vs. Legal Rights • Legal rights refer to all those rights found within existing legal codes. A legal right is a right that enjoys the recognition and protection of the law. • Apartheid South Africa: its denial of numerous fundamental moral rights, including the rights not to be discriminated against on grounds of colour and rights to political participation line of opposition and protest could only be pursued because of a belief in the existence and validity of moral rights.

  13. Pertanyaan reflektif (5) • Mengapa banyak terjadi kejahatan HAM justru di abad XX? • Apakah kejahatan itu terkait dengan tidak universalnya HAM? Sehingga bangsa satu bisa menindas bangsa lainnya/bangsanya sendiri? • Apakah ada hukum yang bertentangan dengan HAM, dan apakah hukum tersebut bermoral?

  14. Penutup • The principal philosophical foundation of human rights is a belief in the existence of a form of justice valid for all peoples, everywhere. • Apa yang terjadi bila dunia tanpa [perlindungan] HAM?

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