“Three Ways to Persuade”

1. “Three Ways to Persuade” A Rhetorical Strategy

2. Ethos: The Writer’s Character or Image • What character or image appears to the audience? • Goodwill, authority, expertise • Writer’s ethos created by diction & style • What does Edlund use to help explain ethos? • Examples: advertising & celebrities

3. Logos: Logical Arguments • Valued over speaker’s character or audience’s emotions • Formal logic/scientific reasoning • Syllogisms – a form of reasoning • Enthymeme – type of syllogism that is assumed (can lead to faulty assumptions) • Goal is to convince that assumptions are true • What does Edlund use to help explain logos? • Historical Example: Bubonic Plague

4. Pathos: The Emotions of the Audience • Emotions influence rational judgements • Often seen in politics and advertising • What does Edlund use to help explain pathos? • Historical, Political, & Social Examples

5. Pyramid of Appeals • You will be creating a mini pyramid of the three appeals you’ve learned to demonstrate your understanding. • What level of thinking does this involve? • Comprehension & Application

6. Instructions • 1) Write an X on opposite sides of the cut triangle pieces. • 2) In the inside of the pyramid, label the 3 sides as Ethos, Pathos, Logos. • 3) Write your explanation of each appeal in complete sentences.

7. HW: Complete the pyramid • Draw or find an image that represents the type of appeal being used. • Draw or glue the image onto the outside of the pyramid. • Your peers should be able to determine the appeal based on the image. • We will staple the pyramids together in class the next day.

8. Expository Summary • Writing a summary for an expository (informational) text is similar to a literary summary but with minor differences. • Topic Sentence – introduce the title, author, genre and explain what the text is about • Supporting Sentences – discuss the main points and important information of the text • Concluding Sentence – explain the author’s conclusions • Write all parts of the summary in your own words. Make sure all facts and details are correct. Leave ALL opinions out of the summary. The summary should be BRIEF (5-8 sentences).

9. In his article “Three Ways to Persuade,” John Edlund discusses Aristotle’s ways to persuade: ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos, Greek for ethics or ethical, describes how the character or image of the speaker is presented to the audience such as through their goodwill, authority, or expertise. Logos, which is valued over ethos and pathos, uses formal reasoning like science or rhetorical reasoning like syllogisms and enthymemes. Pathos “influences rational judgments” because they target people’s emotions, which are motivating forces. Edlund explains that the use of these appeals can be effective rhetorical techniques to persuade an audience.

10. Your Turn • You have 10 minutes to write an expository summary of “Three Ways to Persuade”. • Use the Steps, Checklist, and Power Verbs handout to help you. • Remember, NO opinions of the article – just retell the main points. Ready, Set, Go!

11. PAPA Square: Rhetorical Analysis • Rhetoric = the art of writing effectively • Let’s see how effective Edlund is in writing his article • What is Edlund’s argument in this article? • Who is his audience? • What is his purpose and the desired outcome of his audience? • What persona or public image does he create with the language and tone he uses? • What rhetorical strategies does he use to persuade? (Appeals, language, etc.)

12. Purpose: Inform, persuade, entertain Rhetorical Methods & Strategies: Audience: Argument: • Ethical Appeals • Emotional Appeals • Logical Appeals • Stylistic Devices Intended readers Thesis/main idea Persona: Public image/tone PAPA Square: Rhetorical Analysis • Answering these questions helps to analyze the rhetoric (persuasive skills) a writer uses

13. Let’s Practice • Argument • Purpose • Audience • Persona • Rhetorical Strategies • Ethos • Pathos • Logos

14. Your Turn: Name that Argument • In groups, you will analyze a magazine advertisement. # yourselves 1, 2, 3, 4. • 1) Audience 2) Purpose 3) Argument 4) Persona • All of you will work on the Rhetorical Strategies • Ethos, Pathos, Logos • On a poster, create a PAPA square by filling in the appropriate information. • Groups will share their findings with the class.

15. Your Turn: Name that Argument • I will pass out the ads • 1 group member to get the poster • 1 group member to get the supply box – Keep all supplies organized! You have 15 minutes. Go!