Copy this diagram on NB p. 15.

1. Copy this diagram on NB p. 15.

2. Write these 10 questions into the left-hand boxes of your chart. 1. Why were the French and English competing for control of North America? 2. How did their relationships with European nations lead to conflict between different Indian groups in the 1600s? 3. How did the Albany Plan of Union foreshadow the American Revolution? 4. How was Prime Minister William Pitt able to turn things around for the British in the war? 5. How were maps of North America different after the war? 6. Why did Pontiac lead an uprising against the British? 7. How did the British defeat Pontiac’s forces? 8. Why did Parliament issue the Proclamation of 1763? 9. Why did this Proclamation anger colonists? 10. Why is the outcome of the French and Indian War seen as a prelude to the American Revolution?

3. Lesson 5.3: The French and Indian War Today we will explain how the French and Indian War began to divide American colonists from the British government.

4. Vocabulary • proclamation – an official government announcement • interior – the part of a country far from the coastline • foreshadow – to predict through events • invincible – undefeatable by any opponent

5. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • Why is it incorrect to describe Menifee as being an interior part of the U.S.? • Can you name an invincible sports team? • What might your Progress Report foreshadow?

6. What We Already Know By the 1730s, thirteen separate colonies had been established by England up and down the Atlantic coast of North America.

7. What We Already Know During the period of salutary neglect, colonists enjoyed a greater degree of freedom and self-government than ever before.

8. What We Already Know The Great Awakening helped colonists to become comfortable with the idea of challenging authority, either in the church or in the government.

9. France Claimed Western Lands • While English colonists were settling the eastern coast, the French were exploring the North American interior. • By the late 1600s, French explorers had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region.

10. France Claimed Western Lands The French built their main settlements, Quebec and Montreal, along the St. Lawrence River in Canada.

11. France Claimed Western Lands They also built forts along the Great Lakes and along rivers that fed into the Mississippi River.

12. France Claimed Western Lands • Some Europeans in New France were Jesuit priests who wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity. • Others worked as fur traders.

13. Native American Alliances • The English competed with the French in North America over the rich fur trade. • In turn, the fur trade led to economic and military alliances between the Europeans and their Native American trading partners. • The Indian peoples of the Great Lakes region were allied with the French, while those of upper New York often were allied with the English.

14. B tell A • What were the French and British competing for in North America? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

15. Native American Alliances • As Native American tribes competed with each other for furs, wars broke out between them. • When France and England went to war, their colonists in North America attacked each other’s settlements and forts. • As the Europeans fought, their Indian allies joined in.

16. War Begins and Spreads • When war broke out between France and Britain, Benjamin Franklin suggested that the colonies band together for defense. • His Albany Plan of Union was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.

17. The Albany Plan of Union • Representatives from each colony would form a Grand Council, able to collect taxes, raise armies, and make treaties. • Colonial legislatures later defeated the plan because they did not want to give up control of their own affairs. Still, it foreshadowed the time when the colonies would band together to fight for independence from Britain.

18. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

19. Whiteboard Policies • Use the marker only to write your answers – no doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc. • Put the cap on your marker when you’re not using it. • Display your answers by holding your boards under your chin (“Chin it!”) • When the period is over, leave the whiteboard with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

20. Why were the French and English competing for control of North America? • Both nations saw military advantages in possessing North America. • Control of North America would give either nation access to trade with Asia. • Both countries desired the wealth in gold and other precious metals that they knew could be found in North America. • North America was an almost limitless source of wealth in furs.

21. How did their relationships with European nations lead to conflict between different Indian groups? • Tribes disagreed about uniting to force the Europeans to remove their colonies. • Only some of the Native American groups wanted to continue trading with Europeans. • Some groups had economic loyalties with the French and others with the British. • The British and French had spread insulting rumors about the different tribes.

22. What was the intent of the Albany Plan of Union? • To request the help of the British military • To defend the colonies against France and its native American allies • To prevent the French from attacking American outposts • To support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia

23. Why was Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union historically important? • It was the first attempt to bring self–government to the colonies. • It hinted at the time when the colonies would join to fight a common foe. • It foreshadowed the time when the colonies would unite to fight Indians. • It made Benjamin Franklin a leading figure in the colonies.

24. Braddock’s Defeat • British General Edward Braddock and two regiments came to Virginia in 1755. • On July 9, near Fort Duquesne, French and Indian troops surprised Braddock’s forces. • General Braddock died from his wounds and nearly 1,000 of his men were killed or wounded. • American colonists were stunned by Braddock’s defeat and by many other British losses over the next two years.

25. William Pitt Takes Charge • In 1757, Britain’s new secretary of state William Pitt was determined to win the war in the colonies. • He sent the nation’s best generals to America and borrowed money to hire colonial troops to fight. • By 1760, Canada was in British hands and by 1763 France had surrendered.

26. The Treaty of Paris • Under the Treaty of Paris, France gave up all its land in North America to Great Britain. • Britain gave its ally, Spain, all the land west of the Mississippi.

27. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

28. Whiteboard Policies • Use the marker only to write your answers – no doodling, no coloring, no fancy letters, etc. • Put the cap on your marker when you’re not using it. • Display your answers by holding your boards under your chin (“Chin it!”) • When the period is over, leave the whiteboard with the marker and eraser on your desk top.

29. How was Prime Minister William Pitt's able to turn things around for the British in the war? • He made new alliances that won Iroquois loyalty from the French to the British. • He persuaded Parliament to spend more money on war materiel and mercenaries. • He sent the nation’s best generals to America and borrowed money to hire colonial troops to fight. • He made an alliance with Russia that doomed the French to defeat.

30. 15. What was decided by the French and Indian War? • The British would control most of North America, not the French. • British settlers would be allowed to settle lands as far west as the Mississippi River. • All the British claims in New York would be turned over to France. • All Native American land claims should be respected.

31. How were maps of North America different after the war? • France no longer appeared on any maps of North America. • Spain now owned all the land west of the Mississippi. • For the first time, Britain controlled the coast of North America. • The Great Lakes region were now controlled by Russia and Austria. Choose all that are true!

32. Pontiac’s Rebellion British settlers began moving across the mountains onto Native American land in the spring and summer of 1763.

33. Pontiac’s Rebellion • Indians responded by attacking settlers and British forts west of the Appalachians. • This revolt was called Pontiac’s Rebellion, after the Ottawa war leader.

34. Pontiac’s Rebellion • The British finally invited Indian war leaders in to talk and then gave them blankets infected with smallpox as gifts. • By the fall, the Native Americans had retreated and the uprising was over. • Still, Pontiac’s Rebellion made the British government see that defending Western lands would be expensive.

35. The Proclamation of 1763 • Parliament issued the Proclam-ation of 1763, which forbade colonists to settle west of the Appalachians. • The colonists felt they had won the right to settle the Ohio River Valley. • The British government was angry because the colonists did not want to pay for their own defense. • This hostility helped cause the war for American independence.

36. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

37. Why did Pontiac lead an uprising against the British? • British settlers were moving across the mountains onto Native American land. • He had not received the items he had been promised by the British for his aid against the French. • He had learned about the British use of disease–laden blankets before 1763. • He wanted to establish an all–Native American empire in North America.

38. How did the British defeat Pontiac’s forces? • They sent thousands of German mercen-aries to America to fight the Indians. • They made a new alliance with France to combine forces against them. • They invited Pontiac to truce talks, but then took him prisoner. • They gave the Indians smallpox-infected blankets as gifts.

39. 16. How was the Proclamation of 1763 a response to Pontiac’s Rebellion? • It reflected Parliament’s desire to make alliances with Indian peoples living east of the Mississippi River. • It led to the destruction of Indian peoples living east of the Mississippi River. • It reflected Parliament’s desire to expand its colonial settlements into the West. • Parliament hoped it would reduce clashes between settlers and Indians.

40. 17. Why did the Proclamation of 1763 anger colonists? • It placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. • It would keep them from moving west across the Appalachian Mountains to get new land. • It called for harsh punishment of smugglers. • They felt that Britain had no right to tax them directly, since they were not represented in Parliament.

41. Whish of the following does NOT help explain why historians view the outcome French and Indian War to be a prelude to the American Revolution? • It made the colonists angry toward the British government. • It gave many colonists valuable military experience. • It demonstrated to the colonists that the British army was not invincible. • It showed the colonists a way to defeat the British later on. Choose the statement that is NOT true!