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DNA Technologies

DNA fingerprinting is a powerful technique used to compare DNA fragments to establish relationships in paternity, identity, and criminal cases. The process includes extracting DNA from samples such as blood, saliva, or hair, cutting it into fragments, and employing techniques like Southern blotting for separation and identification. Each step is crucial for accuracy, allowing scientists to visualize and compare genetic patterns. Additionally, advancements in gene therapy and cloning utilize similar DNA technologies to insert genes like insulin or growth hormone into organisms, showcasing the broad applications of DNA analysis in modern science.

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DNA Technologies

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  1. DNA Fingerprinting • Gene Therapy DNA Technologies

  2. DNA fragments Compares fragments to determine relatedness Paternity, Identity and Criminal cases DNA Fingerprinting

  3. Step 1 – Extract DNA • Step 2 – Cut into fragments • Step 3 – Separate fragments • Step 4 – “Southern blot” • Step 5 – Link fragments to probes • Step 6 – Identify fragments with probes • Step 7 – Repeat with different probes • Step 8 – Compare patterns DNA Fingerprinting Steps

  4. DNA is obtained from samples obtained from individuals, trace evidence • Blood • Semen • Hair follicle • Saliva • Tissue embedded in wounds, etc • Squames Step 1 – Extract DNA

  5. Restriction Enzymes cut the DNA at specific places • e.g. HaeIIIcuts at GGCC occurs Step 2 – Cutting of the DNA

  6. Step 3 – Separate DNA Fragments

  7. Step 4 - Southern Blot

  8. Step 5 –thru 7 – Labeling Fragments

  9. Comparing Patterns

  10. More Pattern examples Missing Persons Paternity

  11. Identify target DNA Isolate and amplify target DNA Insert target DNA into plasmids Amplify plasmids Expose target cells Check for gene insertion Gene Cloning

  12. Gene Cloning Insulin human gene inserted in E. coli Growth Hormone human gene inserted in E. coli Factor VIII clotting protein

  13. Gene engineering - gmos

  14. Gene engineering An AquAdvantage salmon behind a non-transgenic Atlantic salmon sibling of the same age.

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