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Warm-up

Warm-up. How does the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere affect the biosphere? How do members of the biosphere affect the geosphere? How do members of the biosphere affect the hydrosphere and atmosphere?

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Warm-up

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  1. Warm-up • How does the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere affect the biosphere? • How do members of the biosphere affect the geosphere? • How do members of the biosphere affect the hydrosphere and atmosphere? • Does the biosphere influence the other spheres more than the other spheres influence the biosphere? Explain your answer.

  2. Scientific Method • State the Problem or Question. • Research/Collect Information • Form a Hypothesis • Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment” • Accept or Reject your Hypothesis- “Analyze” • Report your Results- “Conclusion”

  3. Scientific Method • State the Problem or Question • State the problem to be solved or the question to be answered.

  4. Scientific Method • Research/Collect Information • Obtain facts and ideas from books, journals, internet, etc. that provide insight regarding your problem/question. • It is important to organize and cite these resources.

  5. Scientific Method • An observation is the description of an event by using any or all of the five senses. • Qualitative – describes the observation • Quantitative – measures the observation

  6. Scientific Method • An inference is a conclusion or judgment based on prior knowledge and observations but arrived at indirectly rather than directly.

  7. Indicate whether the statement is an observation or an inference. • The satellite photo shows dust and ash in the sky. • The ash and dust came from a volcano. • The rock is green in color. • The stream flows at 5 ft/sec. • The rock was formed in a shallow sea. • The rock was formed under extreme heat and pressure. • The mineral tastes salty. • The meteorologists predicts rain for tomorrow.

  8. Science Scramble Science Experiments T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

  9. Can you unscramble all the words below?Hint: They are all related to science experiments. 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P 4. N O C U C L I N O S 5. L A Y S N A I S

  10. The answers are ... 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P 4. N O C U C L I N O S 5. L A Y S N A I S DATA HYPOTHESIS PROCEDURE CONCLUSION ANALYSIS

  11. Scientific Method • Form a Hypothesis • Based on the information/research you collect, propose a solution or “best guess” that will help guide your experimentation and attempt to answer the proposed problem/question.

  12. Scientific Method • Hypothesis – educated guess or prediction based on observation that is testable.

  13. Scientific Method • Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment” • Describe, design, and conduct an experiment that would give you information or data that supports (or not) your hypothesis.

  14. Science Skills • When you estimate, you make careful guesses • When you need exact and careful information about an observation, you measure • Measurements include both a number and a unit • When you predict, you state what you think might happen in the future • When you classify, you group things based on how they are alike

  15. Experimental Design • Experiment - organized procedure for testing a hypothesis • Key Components: • Control - standard for comparison • Single variable - keep other factors constant • Repeated trials - for reliability

  16. Experimental Design • Types of Variables • Independent Variable • adjusted by the experimenter • what you vary • Dependent Variable • changes in response to the indep. variable • what you measure

  17. Scientific Method • Accept or Reject Your Hypothesis- “Analyze” • Determine whether your data/results from experiment supports (or not) your hypothesis; if not, it may be necessary to review your information/research and revise your hypothesis.

  18. Scientific Method • Report Your Results- “Conclusion” • Formulate a conclusion that answers the original question from step one and share the results with the scientific community (or the community at large). • Explains observations and accept or reject hypothesis.

  19. Scientific Method • Theory - explanation of “why” • well tested and widely accepted • most logical explanation of scientific observations • Scientific Law - prediction of “what” • describes a pattern in nature

  20. Scientific Method Theories and laws are well-accepted by scientists, but... THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! They are revised when new information is discovered.

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