Collaborative Problem Solving

1. Collaborative Problem Solving Presented by YOUR NAME HERE! Course overheads

2. Recent Notes on Community Policing • 1974: Kansas City Preventive Patrol • 1980: Rapid Response Studies • 1981: Differential Response Studies • Foot Patrols • Broken Windows/Fear Reduction • 1994: The Crime Act--COPS Office

3. The Core Components of Community Policing • Community Partnership • Problem Solving • Organizational Transformation

4. The Community Policing Consortium

5. The Police Executive Research Forum (PERF)

6. Community Policing Defined • Organizational philosophy • Management approach • Facilitates partnerships • Addresses: • fear • causes of crime • quality-of-life issues

7. Principles of Community Policing • Trust • Accountability • Change • Vision • Partnerships • Empowerment • Problem Solving • Leadership • Equality • Service

8. Module I Introduction to Problem Solving

9. Course Expectations • Strengthen Problem Solving Skills • Learn Ways to Mobilize the Community • Learn Effective Collaborative Problem-Solving Techniques

10. Five Course Modules • Introduction • Mechanics • Community collaboration • Mechanics of collaborative problem solving • Facilitating community group dynamics

11. Challenges for Collaborative Problem Solvers • Using SARA model correctly. • Shedding expert role. • Facilitating effective interaction. • Involving community members.

12. Connect the Dots

13. Solution

14. Impediments to Thinking Creatively TRADITIONAL POLICING

15. Impediments to Thinking Creatively (cont.) RULES AND REGULATIONS TRADITIONAL POLICING TOLERANCE FOR RISK TRAINING RIGID DISCIPLINARY POLICIES

16. VICTIM LOCATION TRADITIONAL POLICING OFFENDER

17. Community Policing • Philosophical characterization • Recognizes differences • Provides customized services • Forms partnerships

18. What is a Problem? • Two or more incidents; • Similar in nature; • Capable of causing harm; and • Public expectation to do something about it.

19. Violations of the LawVs.Community ProblemsAre There Differences?

20. How Are Incidents Related? • Location • Suspect • Victim Group • Behavior • Time • Evidence

21. Problem Triangle Victim Offender Location

22. Traditional Policing TRADITIONAL POLICING OFFENDER

23. VICTIM LOCATION Problem-Oriented Policing TRADITIONAL POLICING OFFENDER

24. ANALYSIS SCANNING RESPONSE ASSESSMENT SARA Problem-Solving Model

25. Problem Solving Involves: S A R A

26. Problem Solving Involves: S A R A Scanning Identify neighborhood crime and disorder problems.

27. Problem Solving Involves: S A R A Analysis Understand conditions that cause problems to occur. Scanning Identify neighborhood crime and disorder problems.

28. Scanning Identify neighbor- hood crime and disorder problems. Analysis Understand conditions that cause problems to occur. Problem Solving Involves: S A R A Response Develop and implement solutions.

29. Response Develop and implement solutions. Scanning Identify neighbor- hood crime and disorder problems. Analysis Understand conditions that cause problems to occur. Problem Solving Involves: S A R A Assessment Determine the impact.

30. Expert Vs. Collaborative Model • Expert Model:officer takes on all responsibility and leads problem-solving stages. • Collaborative Model:officer shares responsibility with community members; they lead the problem-solving process.

31. RULES OF PROBLEM SOLVING

32. The Problem Solver Must: RULES OF PROBLEM SOLVING • Adhere to community norms • Be consistent with departmental values • Be moral, legal and ethical • Use common sense • Be creative

33. Levels of Problem Solving

34. Levels of Problem Solving Simple - Individual Officer Moderate - Small Group/Team of Officers Complex - Organizational Collaboration

35. Legitimate Expectations of Problem Solving • Eliminate the problem. • Move the problem. • Manage the problem better. • Repair the problem. • Reduce the harm. • Reduce the problem.

36. Module II The Mechanics of Problem Solving

37. Scanning Analysis Analysis Response Assessment Conceptualization:The Problem-Solving Process

38. SARA

39. S A A R

40. Scanning Steps Step 1 • List neighborhood problems.

41. Scanning Steps Step 1 (continued) • How do you find out what the problems are?

42. Scanning Steps Step 2 • Select problems that meet the definition.

43. Review: What is a Problem? • Two or more incidents; • Similar in nature; • Capable of causing harm; and • Public expectation to do something about it.

44. Scanning Steps Step 3 • Prioritize problems. (Expert vs. Collaborative)

45. Common Rationales for Prioritization • Umbrella Method • Easiest Most Difficult • Quickest Most Lengthy • APE’s • Generate Positive Publicity • Most Least Serious • Fewest Most Resources

46. Scanning Steps Step 4 • State specific problem behavior. • Where does problem occur? • Which setting is causing the most difficulty? Victim Offender Location

47. Summary of Scanning Steps • Laundry list • Identify problems • Prioritize problems (method?) • State specific problem behavior • Where does the problem occur? • Which setting is causing the most difficulty?

48. Preparation for Analysis • Preliminary hypothesis • General goal statement • Determine how data will be gathered and reported. • When will data collection begin?

49. Hypothesis • From what you already know, what do you • think is causing the problem? • Form general goal statement • Data gathering and reporting • Decide when collection will begin

50. Analysis Steps Step 1 • What conditions or events precede the problem?