European Exploration

1. European Exploration

2. Why did they come? • Gold – Make money • Glory -- Military heroes • God – Religious Freedom OR spread Christianity to Native Americans

3. Mercantilism Countries used resources from their colonies to make money from trading with other countries and colonies.

4. European conflicts 1. Race to find a Northwest Passage. • Protestant vs. Catholic • England defeats the Spanish Armada.

5. First English Colonies NOT the United States – these are all part of England until July 4, 1776.

6. Joint Stock CompaniesColonists + Shareholders who want to make $$$ together. Stock: A % of a company that you can purchase. Shareholder: Someone who owns stock. Companies that soldstockto investors. The shareholders split both the profits and losses. The colony of Virginia was a joint stock company.

7. Charter Legal permission by a monarch to establish a colony. Gave the same rights to settlers as English citizens. Virginia charter was given to the Virginia Company.

8. Jamestown 1607

9. The Jamestown Settlement • Named after King James I • Swampy land with undrinkable water. • Little leadership at start • Men were more interested in treasure hunting than planting crops. • 104 male settlers

10. Spanish Sketch of Fort

11. John Smith • 27 year old adventurer. • Captured by Powhattan (Algonquin chief) – Pocahontas begged for his life. • Took leadership role in Jamestown. • If you don’t work – you don’t eat.

12. The Starving Time • Winter 1609 • Only 60 of the original 214 settlers would survive. • Ate whatever they could to survive • Burned houses and pieces of fort for firewood. • Saved with the arrival of supplies and a new governor.

13. John Rolfe • Arrived in 1609 • Discovered the soil and climate ideal for tobacco. • Imported seeds from the West Indies. • Jamestown became profitable from tobacco growth.

14. Marriage of Pocahontas • John Rolfe and Pocahontas were married in 1614. • A small period of peace followed the ceremony.

15. House of Burgesses • 1619 – colonists were upset with the control of the Virginia Company • Representative government that made laws for the colony of Virginia. • Male land owners could vote.

16. Indentured Servants • Land owners would pay for their voyage. The King would reward them with 50 acres of land. 2. The workers agreed to labor in the fields for a set amount of years to pay off their debt. • Indentured servants helped with the labor intensive work of growing tobacco.

17. Class Divisions There were increased tensions between the wealthy plantation owners, and the frontiersmen. Land Politics Protection

18. Bacon’s Rebellion -- 1676 • 1 out of 4 white men were former indentured servants. • They wanted the Governor to go to war with the Indians so they could have land. • Nathanial Bacon and his supporters took control of the House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground.

19. Plymouth Colony 1620

20. The Pilgrims • Separatist group • Escaped to the Netherlands from England to avoid persecution. • Given a charterfor a small section of the Virginia Company’s charter

21. Lost at Sea • The Pilgrims’ ships went off course. • Found land in “New England” in present-day Massachusetts. They were outside the border of the Virginia Company’s charter…

22. Mayflower Compact …so they had to make their own. • All men on board the Mayflower signed the document to organize, “into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation.” Turn to page 82…

23. Three goals of Plymouth Colony • The glory of God • Advancement of Christian faith • Honor of our King and country

24. Harsh Winter • Just like Jamestown, the Plymouth Colony has their own “starving time” • Squanto and Samoset helped translate peace with the Massasoit Indians nearby. • The Native Americans helped the colonists learn to fish, grow crops, and build shelter.

25. Thanksgiving • Three day festival to honor the peace between the Native Americans and Pilgrims. • Blessing for the good harvest.

26. Puritans • Seekingreligious freedom • Did not want to separate, but purify the Church of England. • Wanted to establish a colonybased on the rules of the Bible.

27. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Puritans received a charter to follow the Pilgrims and establish a colony in the Massachusetts region. • Not all colonists are Puritan; some migrated for the cheap land. • Governor John Winthrop

28. John Winthrop in his essay“Model of Christian Charity” “So shall we keep the unity of the spirit, in the bond of peace. . . . Ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. . . . For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.”

29. General Court • Representative assemblyin Massachusetts. • Voted on by church members. Why would this be important??? How would non-church members feel?

30. Great Migration:1629-1640 • 15-20 Thousand Puritans migrated to the Massachusetts Bay Company • Most settlers lived in or near Boston.

31. New England Expands Connecticut • Thomas Hooker moved his Puritan church here. • The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut established this colony. • The Fundamental Orders allowed non-church members voting rights. Rhode Island • Roger Williams founded RI after being banished from MA for disagreeing with the church. • Anne Hutchinson • Rhode Island guaranteed religious freedom & the separation of church and state. New Hampshire Colonists following John Wheelwright settled in Exeter, NH; He had been banished from Boston. They signed the Exeter Compact based on the Mayflower Compact.

32. King Phillip’s War • War between the Puritans and the American Indians during 1675-1676. • The American Indians were led by Metacom (King Phillip). • The Puritans won the war & took control of the Wampanoag lands. • Many American Indians were killed or sold into slavery in the West Indies.

33. New Netherland • 1626 – Peter Minuit bought the island of Manhattan for the Dutch. • Established as a trading post, many colonists were involved in the fur trade along the Hudson River. • The Dutch allied (partnered) with the Iroqouis to hunt their land. They often fought with French colonists over hunting ground.

34. Peter Stuyvesant • Governor of “New Amsterdam” • Strong leader; not well liked. --“Old Sivernails” • Surrendered to England in 1664. New Amsterdam is then named New York.

35. Pennsylvania • Established as a settlement for Quakers. • Believed in: • Religious tolerance • Equality of men & women • Peace with American Indians • Anti-slavery Founded by William Penn

36. Other Middle Colonies New Jersey • Sir George Carteret & Lord Berkeley were given the land by the Duke of York. • They promised religious freedom & a representative assembly. Delaware • The three lower counties of PA were granted a representative assembly by Penn in 1704. • They formed DE from this assembly. The middle colonies benefitted from their diverse population – there were many different immigrant groups that chose to settle here.

37. More Southern Colonies • Maryland was established as a place where Catholics could find religious freedom. They passed the Toleration Act of 1649. • North & South Carolina was originally one colony, but was divided in the 18th century. • Georgia was established as a “debtor’s colony” by James Oglethorpe. It was also established as a border between Spanish Florida & the English colonies.

38. The Thirteen Colonies