The Industrial Revolution 1700-1800

1. The Industrial Revolution1700-1800

2. What is the Industrial Revolution? • A great increase in output of machine-made goods during the 18th century. • Transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe. • Before largely dominated rural and handcrafted economy • Revolution=technology changes, social changes, new organization of human labor

3. Agriculture Revolution • 1700 first change in farming methods (England) • Open field growth changed to enclosed fields • Crop Rotation • Stock Breading • Small farms bought up by wealthy landowners • Food supply increase, living conditions improve, population increase

5. Why did the Industrial Revolution first take hold in Britain? • No civil strife or invading of armies (French Revolution) • Relatively good and stable government • Had factors of production (land, labor, capital) • Presence of a large middle class • People invested and drove to be better • No trade taxes like continental Europe • Rich in natural resources needed for industrialization (water, coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors for ships)

6. Technology changes since 1700 • Modern cotton industry • Before 4 to 5 spinners needed to keep up with one cotton loom

7. With invention of new machine to spin, the revolution took off • Inventors: John Kay (flying shuttle, James Hagreaves (Spinning Jenny), Eli Whitney (Cotton wheel) • Large machines required a factory to put them in

8. Cotton Gin

9. Technology changes since 1700Continued • Steam Engine • Transportation • Water, iron, coal become energy sources • Railroad= expanded market for factories, cheap way to transport, new jobs created, boost agriculture industry • Automobile in U.S.

10. Communication • Alexander Graham Bell-Telephone • Radio

11. Working Conditions in Factories • Goal: keep things running • 14hrs. / day, 6 day / week • Dangerous working environments • Women and children made up over half of the labor force

12. Changes in Social Patterns • City growth=shift towards cities because of factories • Living condition bad=no sanitary codes, no building codes, lack adequate housing, education, protection. • New class created=working class • All men and women in mills and factories • Class tensions due to living conditions: middle class (professional workers live good)

13. England vs. Continental Europe and U.S. • England • 1860 produce 20% of industrial goods • Population increase 9 to 21 million • Took inventions to Europe • No wars going on • Highly developed transportation system • France / Continental Europe • Gap in production due to Napoleon Wars • Much larger and fewer rivers for navigation • Need and want to adopt “Britain’s Miracle” • Belgium has high contents of iron and coal • Germany builds railroads

14. England vs. Continental Europe and U.S. • United States • Same resources as England • Wanted fast ways to do things • Moses Brown—created first factories • Textile first—clothing production • 1865 end of civil war—boom of industry in northeast • Boost in inventions—telephone, light bulb, railroad

15. World Impact • Wide gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries • Imperialism develops=policy of extending one countries rule over many lands • Aggressive pursuit of foreign colonies for economic purposes • Settlement rather than exploration • Successful wars and foreign conquest • Western world break off from the rest of the world

16. ***Factories, steam engines, railroads, children working, women working…..these were the biggest things to come out of the Industrial Revolution