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Bipolar-II Disorder

Bipolar-II Disorder. Jason Wich, Luis Sandoval, Gabriel pareja. Symptoms. Alternating states of mania and depression Difference between Bipolar I and II. Diagnosis. Diagnosed the same way as Bipolar I disorder The line between the two is not clear cut. Prevalence.

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Bipolar-II Disorder

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  1. Bipolar-II Disorder Jason Wich, Luis Sandoval, Gabriel pareja

  2. Symptoms • Alternating states of mania and depression • Difference between Bipolar I and II

  3. Diagnosis • Diagnosed the same way as Bipolar I disorder • The line between the two is not clear cut

  4. Prevalence • DSM IV says .5% of population have specifically Bipolar II • Research has found it to be around 5% • Underdiagnosed in many areas

  5. Causes • It is unknown what causes any forms of bipolar disorder • There are some links to genetic causes, however the cause is not clearly defined (Phelps 2007) • Environmental factors have a strong influence on the onset of the disorder • Cognitive processes similar to those expressed in unipolar depressed patients has been seen frequently in bipolar individuals (Alloy et. al. 2005)

  6. Cultural Factors • Across all cultures, individuals with bipolar disorder had similar symptoms and additional mental health problems • High-income countries have higher rates of the disorder than low-income countries • Collectivist cultures see lower rates of the disorder (Gardner 2011)

  7. Gender Variations • Age of onset of bipolar II disorder for females is lower than that of males and were more likely to have mixed depressive episodes • No noticeable differences on the hypomanic side of the disorder, however differences are more noticeable on the depressive side (Benazzi 2006)

  8. Treatment Approaches • Therapeutic treatments of bipolar II differ from bipolar I • Psychoeducation has been shown to have success in treating bipolar II • Family-focused therapy also has been shown to be effective (Phelps 2001) • Medicines known as “mood-stabilisers”, lithium and valproate most common

  9. Etiology and Therapy • Social support has been seen to be a trigger for the onset of bipolar disorder, showing that increased positive feedback from family/friends can help treat the disorder

  10. Walker-Tessner Model Family Interaction Biological: Bipolar 2 Disorder Genes Fluctuating Levels of Neurotransmitters

  11. Citations • Alloy, L., Abramson, L., Urosevic, S., Walshaw, P., Nusslok, R., & Neeren, A. (2005). Thepsychosocialcontext of bipolar disorder: Environmental, cognitive, and developmentalriskfactors.ClinicalPsychologyReview, 25, 1043-1075. • Angst, Jules. (1998). The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50,2, 143-151. • Benazzi, F. (2006). Genderdifferences in bipolar–II disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,256(2), 67-71. • Gardner, A. (2011, March 7). U.S. has highest bipolar rate in 11-nation study.CNNHealth. RetrievedMarch 2, 2014, fromhttp://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/03/07/US.highest.bipolar.rates • Judd, L. et. Al. "A Prospective Investigation of the Natural History of the Long-term Weekly Symptomatic Status of Bipolar II Disorder FREE." JAMA Network. JAMA, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=207252#METHODS>. • Phelps, J. (n.d.). 300 pagesoncomplexmood and anxietyproblems. Bipolar II, Mood Swings withoutMania; Brain Tours; Stress andDepression; Hormones and Mood; and more.... RetrievedMarch 2, 2014, from http://www.psycheducation.org/

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