1 / 27

Christian Latgé CEA Laurent Brissonneau CEA Alfons Weissenburger KIT Alessandro Gessi ENEA

Leader WP6 Task 6.3 Assessment, validation and adaptation of oxygen control and purification strategy Task Leader: CEA Participants: KIT, ENEA. Christian Latgé CEA Laurent Brissonneau CEA Alfons Weissenburger KIT Alessandro Gessi ENEA. 5 sub-tasks:

nero
Télécharger la présentation

Christian Latgé CEA Laurent Brissonneau CEA Alfons Weissenburger KIT Alessandro Gessi ENEA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Leader WP6 Task 6.3Assessment, validation and adaptation of oxygen control and purification strategyTask Leader: CEAParticipants: KIT, ENEA Christian Latgé CEA Laurent Brissonneau CEA Alfons Weissenburger KIT Alessandro Gessi ENEA

  2. 5 sub-tasks: -1 definition of the oxygen activity level/range versus the operating lead temperature -2 assessment of the different technological solutions (gas phase or lead oxide) for oxygen control considering the design of the pool type reactor -3 definition of the amount and location of O-meters -4 O behaviour during accidental conditions -5 qualification for lead purification during plant operation Sub-tasks

  3.             Draft (D12) contributions: end July 2012             Deliverable finalized by 2012 September 30th Presentation during Meeting foreseen in 2012 (2nd semester) November? (and discussion) Work schedule – proposed in Madrid

  4. Dedicatedmeeting in CadaracheJuly 5th – 6th 2012Participants: Luigi Mansani, Christian Latge, Laurent Brissonneau, Alfons Weisenburgerand Alessandro Gessi via Video conferenceLuigi gave an overview on Design:Materials andboundaryconditions:E.G. Cladding (15-15Ti) T avaragehigh 480°C but peakupto 550°C (GESA?)SG tubes (hotzone 450 – 480°C) 30years – thermal efficiency? – oxygenconsumptionSG tube - double wall – different materialsforwaterandPbcontactcoldshut down at 380°C – impact on oxygencontrolavoidPbOformationAlfons and Christian (L. Martinelli) present material compatibility:Onlyminornumberoftests in Pb- most in PbBi but less aggressive lowersolubilityT91 mightbeusedupto 550°C but reduction in creepstrengthandoxidationAs wrapper ok – SG tubes: Coating – changeto 316? – waterside 316 preferrable15-15Ti (500°C mightbe ok) 550°C hotspot (duration?) mightrequiresurfaceimprovementKIT calculatedbased on EFIT data – oxidationandoxygenconsuptionChristian presents different aspectsofControlandfilteringOxygen leveltobecontrolled – PbOformationat 380°C – corrosionathighTempSG waterside: productionof H2 - bydecomposition of hydrazine and to the corrosion by the water of the steel (3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2)  – double wall with He flowcanminimize H ingress in pool - amountissignificant (wouldrequireaddtionaloxygentobesupplied)

  5. 400°C Oxygenlevelrequired (380°C- 550°C) 530°C 1 2 480°C ? 400°C ?: possibility to decrease depends on coating properties 2: if cladding are protected against dissolution

  6. Dedicatedmeeting in CadaracheJuly 5th – 6th 2012Participants: Luigi Mansani, Christian Latge, Laurent Brissonneau, Alfons Weisenburgerand Alessandro Gessi via Video conferenceLuigi gave an overview on Design:Materials andboundaryconditions:E.G. Cladding (15-15Ti) T avaragehigh 480°C but peakupto 550°C (GESA?)SG tubes (hotzone 450 – 480°C) 30years – thermal efficiency? – oxygenconsumptionSG tube - double wall – different materialsforwaterandPbcontactcoldshut down at 380°C – impact on oxygencontrolavoidPbOformationAlfons and Christian (L. Martinelli) present material compatibility:Onlyminornumberoftests in Pb- most in PbBi but less aggressive lowersolubilityT91 mightbeusedupto 550°C but reduction in creepstrengthandoxidationAs wrapper ok – SG tubes: Coating – changeto 316? – waterside 316 preferrable15-15Ti (500°C mightbe ok) 550°C hotspot (duration?) mightrequiresurfaceimprovementKIT calculatedbased on EFIT data – oxidationandoxygenconsuption (shortpresentation)Christian present different aspectsofControlandfilteringOxygen leveltobecontroled – PbOformationat 380°C – corrosionathighTempSG waterside: productionof H2 - bydecomposition of hydrazine and to the corrosion by the water of the steel (3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2)  – double wall with He flowcanminimize H ingress in pool - amountissignificant (wouldrequireaddtionaloxygentobesupplied)

  7. UseofTa – • Tantalum protection of the pump or the hot leg - associated with a very low oxygen content policy (Ta is not soluble in Pb but Ta oxidation must be avoided because the oxide is spalled off and oxygen embrittle tantalum) • is not compatible with the protection management of the other materials. Moreover, it seems unrealistic to reach the oxygen content necessary to avoid Ta2O5 formation (less than 10-12ppm). • Accidental events: • If air ingress: • PbOisproduced on Pb bulk surface, but very slow dissolution rate on surface, and risks of entrainment if vortices… • Detection in covergas (N2 or O2) by MS or gaschromatography • Confirmation in Pb by O-meter • If water ingress: • verysmall amont of PbOproducedcontinuously • Water seems relative stable in Pb  Detection by O-meter and more probably by H-meter in gas plenum or water by SM or IR spectroscopy • Double wall SG – water leak more unlikely • Lossof oxygensupply: • Seems not to critical – redundancy of systems – O-metercandetectthisevent

  8. Oxygen sensors location To be located before and after the zones that are susceptible to consume oxygen. • In the inner vessel : near the Pb flow • At the top and at the bottom of each SGU • In the cold stream in the cold zone at the entry of the core. Sensor in coldstreamandbottomof SGU – similardata – somekindofredundancy Quasi stagnantPbzonesshouldbemonitored + oneatoutletofMassExchanger – monitorfunctionalityofMassExchanger (AW) ? Do weneedsensorsat all SGU? - increasesafety (LB) at least 3 sensorsatequivilantlocation – avoidshut down ifonesensorbroke

  9. [O] control strategy in hot and cold plenum SGU [O]HSG (Hot SGU) 480 °C [O]CSG (Cold SGU) RC1 RC2 400°C [O]Cp (Cold plenum) [O]HSG depends on oxidation/corrosion in core  RC1 [O]CSG depends on oxidation/corrosion in SGU and possible PbO precipitation RC2 O-meter

  10. Oxygen sensors location To be located before and after the zones that are susceptible to consume oxygen. • In the inner vessel : near the Pb flow • At the top and at the bottom of each SGU • In the cold stream in the cold zone at the entry of the core. Sensor in coldstreamandbottomof SGU – similardata – somekindofredundancy Quasi stagnantPbzonesshouldbemonitored + oneatoutletofMassExchanger – monitorfunctionalityofMassExchanger (AW) ? Do weneedsensorsat all SGU? - increasesafety (LB) at least 3 sensorsatequivilantlocation – avoidshutdwonifonesensorbroke Oxygen supply Need – amount of oxygen required to stabilize materials

  11. Oxide scale growth – oxygen needed (oxygen control) • filtering (spallation) PbBi facing materials will be grouped: HX, Claddings, Wrapper, Core internals T91, Core internals 316L oxide scale growth – oxygen consumption – oxides to be removed (filter) Weigthofoxygento form magnetiteandspinel / Aluminaformationanalogous Thisistheamountofoxygentobeaddedby OCS system

  12. Oxide scale growth – oxygen needed (oxygen control) • filtering (spallation) (addressed in SEARCH and LEADER) Weneedoxidescaleformationasfunctionof time andtemperature As example: Oxide scalegrowth on EFIT fuelpin, wrapper – T91 - ELFR Assumingparabolicgrowth Forfuelcladding: Temperaturedistributionalongcladding (x1……x4) sp, = 1355.5m2, swo = 1095 m², swi =1040 m2, Ftot. = 3491m2 6000ton Pb – 10-6wt% oxygen  60g oxygen in Pb

  13. Oxygen consumption - oxidescaleformationof EFIT EFIT Design: 15-15Ti for fuel pins and T91 for the wrapper Unknown – oxide scale growth of austenitic steels between 270 and 500°C: Assumption based on experimental data (max. values measured): to be updated with all available results Data to be cross checked and discussed • 1µm scale at 400°C after 10000h 3.5 µm at 450°C at 5000h 6.4 µm at 500°C at 5000h (proper fit between 400 and 550°C)

  14. Temperatures and surfaces sp + sw and sd in core zones at different elevations.

  15. Requiredamountofoxygenforoxidation in kg Clad 15-15 Ti / wrapper T91 – EFIT  amountofoxiderequired Just remind: 6000ton Pb – 10-6wt% oxygen  60g oxygen in Pb

  16. Oxygen consumption in kg/h of fuel assembly (EFIT data) 15-15Ti clad, T91 wrapper Simulation ofstart-up, shutdowns, fuelassemblyexchange (1/3) and SG exchange

  17. Influenceofpre-oxidationand GESA surfacetreatment

  18. Oxygen sensors location To be located before and after the zones that are susceptible to consume oxygen. • In the inner vessel : near the Pb flow • At the top and at the bottom of each SGU • In the cold stream in the cold zone at the entry of the core. Sensor in coldstreamandbottomof SGU – similardata – somekindofredundancy Quasi stagnantPbzonesshouldbemonitored + oneatoutletofMassExchanger – monitorfunctionalityofMassExchanger (AW) ? Do weneedsensorsat all SGU? - increasesafety (LB) at least 3 sensorsatequivilantlocation – avoidshutdwonifonesensorbroke Oxygen supply Start up ~100g/h – after 5000h some g/h – remember at Start up we can have about 600g oxygen in lead – Pre-oxidation (by start-up procedure) Nominal oxygen 10-6wt%  6t Pb – 60g oxygen For normal operation – oxygen supply seems feasible - More than One oxygen supply - redundancy, homogenous supply Method to supply: Gas-Phase – SolidPbO Mass exchanger

  19. Solid phasemassexchanger – designedby IPPE SolubilityPbO (T) ? StabilityofPbOpebbles? PbO Pb + O Massexchangerwithintegrated pump: Designedfor Brest 300 4 tobeinstalled downstreamsteamgenearetor - upstreammain pump eachcandeliver~1g/h Schemeforautomaticcontrolunit: P.N. Martynov et. al - ICONE17-75506/75504

  20. Preliminary sketch of the ancillary loop for chemistry regulation The ancillary loop for chemistry regulation should include: an heat exchanger to control the temperature of the lead • oxygen supply, PbO reduction (possibly coupled with filtration) - each can by by-passed • The loop is controlled by one or two oxygen probes: • at the bottom and possibly at the top of the steam generator for the SGU • at the top of the steam generator and possibly at the bottom of the core for the core. OSD at the top of the SGU: the lead is reduced if the oxygen content is too high at the end of the SGU, till it remains high enough at the top of the SGU. In case of high consumption in the core and low consumption in the SGU (case of fresh steels after refuelling), oxygen can be supplied at the bottom of the core and in the SGU. If oxygen concentration is homogeneous in the cold and hot plenum, oxygen supply should be preferentially done at the top of the SGU. It should be insured that the input flow will be mixed correctly before it is distributed in the component/core.

  21. O control strategy (OCS) O regulation O supply/suppress (Rs) O consumption (Rc) SGU Ar Ar H2 Rs1 Option: 1 OCS for each SGU (but may be possibility to reduce the complexity of this system) PbO or Ar/Air +1%H2O 480 °C Heat Exchanger Rc1 Rc2 Rs2 400°C If RC2 is too high, necessity to increase [O] in cold plenum, to avoid dissolution in core If RC1 is too high, necessity to increase [O] in hot plenum, to avoid dissolution in SGU If [O]CP is too high, necessity to lower it , to avoid PbO precipitation in cold plenum

  22. Preliminary sketch of the ancillary loop for chemistry regulation The ancillary loop for chemistry regulation should include: an heat exchanger to control the temperature of the lead • oxygen supply, PbO reduction (possibly coupled with filtration) - each can by by-passed • The loop is controlled by one or two oxygen probes: • at the bottom and possibly at the top of the steam generator for the SGU • at the top of the steam generator and possibly at the bottom of the core for the core. OSD at the top of the SGU: the lead is reduced if the oxygen content is too high at the end of the SGU, till it remains high enough at the top of the SGU. + OSD at cold plenum of core -in case of high consumption in the core and low consumption in the SGU (case of fresh steels after refuelling) One OSD ateach SGU + 3 OSD atcoldplenumposition It should be insured that the input flow will be mixed correctly before it is distributed in the component/core.

  23. Filtration Assessment for magnetite production: between 10 and 50 kg/year. This magnetite can not be reduced and must then be trapped by filtering. By extrapolating the results of small loop test  pressure drop of one bar could be roughly obtained for 10 kg of impurities on 30m² of filters, according to DEMETRA results. Of course, operation on bigger loops should be required to qualify the filter. Different filter types: Tangential filtering to avoid rapid plugging and high pressure drops. If PbO reduction is not feasible for filter cleaning, a counter pressure in the loop could be used to remove the trapped impurities (MYRRHA design). In SEARCH – dedicated Task of Filtering effciency

  24. Integrated Purification Unit of SuperPhenix

  25. Filtration unit (Integrated option) Handling cask (for filter) SGU InInlet Internal Plug Filter (PbO, Activated corrosion products, fission products and fuel (if pin rupture) 480 °C Outlet EMP Heat Exchanger (if required) 400°C Inlet

  26.        Draft (D12) contributions: Mid December 2012 from CEA to KIT and ENEA        Deliverable finalized by March 2013 Work schedule:

  27. Tritium production 9g / 40 years Oxygen supply: Some g/h H solubility 1order ofmagnitudelowerthan O -will mostprobably diffuse outwards Combine with O – H2O

More Related