Understanding Poetry Analysis: Techniques and Definitions

1. Introduction to Poetry English I Franklin-Simpson High School Mrs. Walker

2. Terms for Poetry Analysis

3. Know the Difference!!! • POET: the poet is the author of the poem. • SPEAKER: the speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem • FORM: the appearance of the words on the page • LINE: a group of words together on one line of the poem • STANZA: a group of lines arranged together

4. Kinds of Stanzas Couplet = a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza Quatrain = a four line stanza Quintet = a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza Septet = a seven line stanza Octave = an eight line stanza

5. Sound Devices

6. Rhythm Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. • FOOT - unit of meter. • A foot can have two or three syllables. • Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

7. Types of FEET The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. iambic - unstressed, stressed trochaic - stressed, unstressed anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed

8. Kinds of Metrical Lines • monometer = one foot on a line • dimeter = two feet on a line • trimeter = three feet on a line • tetrameter = four feet on a line • pentameter = five feet on a line • hexameter = six feet on a line • heptameter = seven feet on a line • octometer = eight feet on a line

9. Free Verse • Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables, no rhythm. • Does NOT have rhyme. • Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. • A more modern type of poetry.

10. Blank Verse • Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme. from Julius Ceasar Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.

11. Rhyme • Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. • LAMP • STAMP • Share the short “a” vowel sound • Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

12. End Rhyme • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line (check for rhyme scheme) • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

13. Rhyme Scheme Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. • “The Germ” by Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

14. Near Rhyme • a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme • The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH • ROSE • LOSE • Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound) • Share the same consonant sound

15. Eye Rhyme • A rhyme which looks like a rhyme but does NOT actually sound alike. • Ex. • Seat, great • Wind, kind • Some are only eye rhymes today because we have change the way we pronounce the word. • Ex. Love, prove.

16. Onomotopoeia • Words that imitate the sound they are naming • BUZZ • OR sounds that imitate another sound “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of • each purple curtain . . .”

17. Alliteration • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

18. Consonance • Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . • The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words • “silken,sad, uncertain, rustling . ..”

19. Assonance • Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. • (Often creates near rhyme.) Lake Fate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.)

20. Types of Poetry you may study

21. Lyric • A short poem • Usually written in first person point of view • Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene (“Upon a Spider Catching a Fly” is a lyric poem.) • Does not tell a story and is often musical • (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

22. Limerick • a witty, humorous, or nonsense poem • five-line anapestic meter (lines 1, 2, and 5 = 3 feet of syllables; lines 3 and 4=2 feet of 3 syllables) • strict rhyme scheme (AABBA) There once was |a teacher|at Franklin Whose students|all needed|a spankin’, But because|of the rule Of no pad|dling in school, She resolved|to just take|up drankin’.

23. Narrative Poetry • A poem that tells a story. • Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry because the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.

24. Concrete Poems The arrangement on the page recreates a graphic image such as a heart, bell, cross, etc. l(a le af fa ll s) one l iness By e.e. cummings