1. Citizenship • What does it mean to be a citizen? • The 14th amendment and citizenship • The Dred Scott Decision • Citizenship defined

2. How can citizenship be obtained? • Birth a)Jus Soli –”law of soil” b)Jus Sanguinis – “law of blood”

3. How to gain citizenship part II • Naturalization • collective: I) amendment II) act of congress III) by treaty b) Individual process I) requirements II) procedure

4. How citizenship can be taken away! • Only the federal government can strip a person of citizenship – states may take away some rights! • Three ways a person can lose their citizenship • Expatriation • Denaturalization • Seriouscrimes

5. Deportation • What is deportation? • Who can deported?

6. What is the role of congress and the bureau of immigration and custom services • Congress – Makes all laws involving immigration and naturalization • Bureau of Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE) – enforces- Under Homeland Security dept. an umbrella agency – merger of Immigration and Naturalization Service and U.S. Customs Service– border patrol

7. Immigrants and Aliens • What’s the difference? • The five categories of aliens. • Resident aliens • Non-resident aliens • Enemy aliens • Refugees • Undocumented/illegal

9. Rights and Responsibilities of Aliens in the United States • Rights = most of our civil rights. Exceptions/restrictions! • Responsibilities = paying taxes, obeying laws, ….

10. Immigration Policies in United States History • Early = restrictions and discrimination - Old v. New immigrants. • Alien and Sedition Act • American Party – “Know Nothings” • 1882 = immigration act & Chinese exclusion act

11. Immigration Policies continued d) 1907 Expatriation Act – repealed in 1922 with Cable Act e) 1923 LCC - United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind f) Immigration Act 1924 – Quota established at 2% of population from 1890 g) Oriental Exclusion Act 1924

12. Still More Immigration Policies h) 1943 Chinese Exclusion Act Repealed i)1965 – Immigration Act 1965 – ends quota system – limits 270,000 in USA j) Refugee Act 1980 k) Immigration Reform & Control Act 1986 – illegal immigrants l) Immigration Act of 1990 – 675,000 is the magic number!

13. Duties: a) obey laws b) pay taxes c) testify in court d) go to school e) serve on jury f) sign up for selective service G) Respect the rights of others Responsibilities Vote Run for public office Serve community Voice opinion To Understand the working of our government Duties And Responsibilities