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Curare

Curare. Maria Yukiko Komiyama Christopher Louis Orquiza III-BSCT Plant Toxicology. Curare. Common Names:  Curare, Grieswurzel , Pareira Brava, Pareira , Vigne Sauvage Genus: Chondrodendron Species: tomentosum Parts Used:  Leaf, Root Toxin: D- tubocurarine

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Curare

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  1. Curare Maria Yukiko Komiyama Christopher Louis Orquiza III-BSCT Plant Toxicology

  2. Curare • Common Names: Curare, Grieswurzel, Pareira Brava, Pareira, VigneSauvage • Genus:Chondrodendron • Species:tomentosum • Parts Used: Leaf, Root • Toxin: D-tubocurarine • Receptor:  nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

  3. Curare • grows as a large liana, or vine, found in the canopy of the South American rainforest. • The vine may get as thick as 4 inches in diameter at its base. It has large alternate, heart-shaped leaves which may be 4-8 inches long and almost as wide, with a 2-6 inches long petiole. • The leaves are smooth on top with a hairy white bottom, and deeply indented veins radiating from the leaf base.

  4. Uses in medicine • Brazilians consider the root a diuretic, and use it internally in small quantities for madness and dropsy, and externally for bruises. • It is also used for edema, fever, and kidney stones. • Anaesthesia • Muscle relaxants

  5. Symptoms of Poisoning • indicated by typical signs of neuromuscular-blocking drugs such as paralysis including respiration but not directly affecting the heart. • In fatal doses, death is caused by respiratory paralysis.

  6. Treatment • Artificial Respiration • Use of antidote[acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (anti-cholinesterase)] such as: 1. Physostigmine or neostigmine. 2. Derivatives of aminopyridine

  7. D-tubocurarine • 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2,2',2'-tetramethyltubocuraran-2,2'-diium-7',12'-diol • Alkaloid (basic nitrogen atoms) • Competitive antagonist • Mostly affects peripheral nervous system

  8. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) • Ligand-gated ion channel • Mediates neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia and at some sites in the central nervous system.

  9. References • http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+2152 • http://science.jrank.org/pages/1908/Curare.html • http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_012.htm • http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01199 • http://www.pnas.org/content/87/7/2785.full.pdf

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