Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada

1. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada State of Art of Russian Drilling and Oil Production Technologies An Overview of their Applicability at Venezuelan Oil Industry Presented by: Gabdullin Rivener RS Oil Technologies / General Director

2. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada RS oil Technologies is russian oil engineering company The main fields of business of RS Oil Technologies are: -drilling of any kind of wells -any kind of workover -enhanced oil recovery (EOR) -cleaning up oil sludge pits -reducing of viscosity of heavy oil -gas utilisation and conversion -well logging -oil projects, feasibility study and training personnel rivener@gabdullin.ru

3. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Content * Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) * Workover * Drilling * Heavy Oil Production * Cleanup oil sludge pit * Gas utilisation and conversion

4. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

5. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) RITIN is an composition of polymeric substances. While mixing RITIN with water, polymer-gel system with no aditional components is formed. Gel particles of 0.2-4 mm in size with high mobility and penetration ability in pores and fractures. Two ways of using gel: - Synthesizing the gel in the formation - Direct gel injection into the formation No special equipment is required to prepare and inject polymer-gel system.

6. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) While injecting polymer-gel system RITIN into the formation through injection well, it enables you: * Selectively affects non-homogeneus, high permeable water-cut formations * Sharply reduces water fluidity * Provides flattening of oil displacement front • Improve the injectivity profile for the • formations

7. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) * Create extra filtration resistance to injected water in washout zones of the formation * Changes filtration flow of oil and water * Enhances reservoir water flooding coverage * Decreases water-cut of produced oil * Enhances oil output and increase ultimate oil recovery of formations

8. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) Fields of technology application of polymer-gel system RITIN are: • Porous, porous-fractured and fractured reservoirs, with formation temperature of up to 120° C • Tolerable water-cutting ratio of produced liquid in the areas of technology application, is up to 98% • Mineralized of formation water is up to 1.2 g/cm3 ( 10 lpg)

9. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) Requirements for treatment by polymer-gel system RITIN: * Fresh service or mineralised (1.0-1.02 g/cm3, or 8,34 - 8,5 lpg) setting vat water can be used to prepare polymer-gel system * Injection rate through injection well: 10-15 m3 (60-90 bls) of polymer-gel system per 1 m (3 ft) of effective perforated part of formation

10. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) * Concentration of RITIN in water is 0.1-1.0% by mass, i.e. 1-10 kgs (2,2-22 lbs) of RITIN per 1 m3 (6 bls) of water * Specific effectiveness amounts to 2000 and more tons of additional oil per 1 ton of injected polimer-gel system RITIN * RITIN does not need batchers and mixers, salts of heavy metals and any chemicals.

11. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN)

12. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN) Thuleilat oilfield in Sultanate of Oman

13. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN)

14. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN)

15. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN)

16. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada EOR (treatment by RITIN)

17. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada WORKOVER

18. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada WORKOVER Compaund“Plastic KS-M” Plastic KS-M is used for sealing casing and eliminating the cross-flows between casing and borehole wall. Plastic KS-M enables sealing casing and restore cement in casing string-borehole annulus if cement and silicate solutions do not lead positive results. Specification of Plastic KS-M: Temperature- till 110 C Period of hardening 5-48 hours Density 1.2-1.35 g/cm3 Bending strength 40-68 kgf/cm2

19. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada WORKOVER Compaund“Plastic KS-37” Plastic KS-37 is used for sealing casing and eliminating the cross-flows between casing and borehole wall. Plastic KS-37 enables sealing casing and restore cement in casing string-borehole annulus if cement and silicate solutions do not lead positive results. Specification of Plastic KS-37: Temperature- till 110 C Period of hardening 5-48 hours Density 1.2-1.35 g/cm3 Bending strength 40-68 kgf/cm2

20. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada DRILLING

21. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling Drilling by bottom hole electric motors Using special surface and bottom hole electric equipment for drilling vertical, deviated and horizontal wells with special equipment (electric swivel, drilling pipes with cable inside, bottom hole electric motors, transformer). Electric drilling does not depend on quantity and quality of drilling mud. It permits to control drilling process from bottom hole and to drill geonavigated horizontal wells without renting or buying expensive MWD and LWD systems.

22. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling Side-Tracking Reduces time for window milling out in the casing string by several times. Includes into operation: milling out devices, wedge-type whipstocks, reamer-milling bits, hydraulic anchor, engines-deflectors, disconnectors used in sidehole constructions, both in Russia and other oil regions

23. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling Deviation Survey System ZIS-4 Characteristic and advantajes: * possibility of orienting deflectors in vertical parts of the wellbore * possibility of carrying out the planed well path without breaking the drilling jobs using the wireless communication channel * control over the down-hole motor operation by measuring the shaft speed * small time consumption * continuos measuring and recording the deviation survey data

24. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling

25. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling Process flow sheet of the second side hole casing with the liner applying full hole cementing and using PhKMC type complex

26. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Drilling Modular MOP - 146/230 Designed to isolate a selected annulus interval (normally producing formation), in the process of casing string cementing. Usefull for a selective exploitation of individual formations, (or interlayers of one thick formation) or for other purposes

27. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada HEAVY OIL

28. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada HeavyOil * Plunger diaphragm pumps * Cleaning up tubing and pipelines from asphalt, wax and paraffine sediments * Cleaning of bottom hole zones * AC converter FED motors * Electric Cable Heating Unit (ECHU) * Vibroacoustic reducing of oil viscosity

29. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP) Heavy Oil Evident design advantajes: * Reducing well shut-down and round trip expenditures * No contact of plunger with pumping liquids * No contact of plunger with cylinder * No leak in plunger pump. Volumetric efficiency 90-97%, for all pressures and production of heavy and high viscosity oil * PDP can work with high content of sand (up to 200 mg/I) * PDP can work with high viscosity of oil on sucking valve (up to 2000 mm2/c)

30. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP) Evident design advantajes: * Reducing of rods hanging-off due to hidraulic resistance and plunger friction * Posibility of long working period of the pump without liquid * High range of liquid delivery * Possibility of pump working in unstable production wells (production of the formation less than production of the pump)

31. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP) Evident design advantajes: * Reducing of specific electricity consumption * Using of large diameter ball valves wich provides high wear resistance * High robustness of the pump. It can work like that an conventional sucker pump if the diaphragm is destroyed * PDP does not need special devices, and only conventional equipment for standard sucker rod pumps is used for it

32. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP) Heavy Oil

33. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada State of Art of Russian Drilling and Production Technologies Heavy Oil

34. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP) Heavy Oil

35. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Plunger diaphragm pumps (PDP)

36. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Tubing cleaning up from asphalt-wax-paraffin sediments

37. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Tubing cleaning from asphalt-wax-paraffin sediments Solid chemical reagents as cylinder of 30-40 mm in diameter and 200-700 mm long are delivered through an standard lubricator into the oil or gas well, without interruption of production. Reagents are airtight in the aluminum shell and are airtight capsules, witch can be mixed togheter or delibered separately Being in the well, they drop down under their own weight and in interaction with the products of the well they produce a large amount of heat through perforation holes

38. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Tubing cleaning from asphalt-wax-paraffin sediments At the same time, a hot gas and liquid mixture is produced, that not only melt asphalt-wax-paraffin and paraffin-hidrates sediments, but also washes away the center of their appearance The temperature in the wall of the tubing is about 95° C. Aluminum compound produced in the reaction cover the inside surface of the tubing with the oxide film, which leads to reduction of pipe corrosion, as well as the speed of asphalt-wax-paraffin sediments formation

39. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Tubing cleaning from asphalt-wax-paraffin sediments The process enables to restore circulation in also fully plugged tubing. The reaction products are water-oil solubles compunds and are removed togheter with oil, without changing its composition Treatment of wells takes from 2 to 5 hours for prevention of tubing from AWP sedimentation, and 20 to 30 hours for cleaning fully plugged tubing

40. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Cleaning of bottom hole zones from colmatant

41. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Cleaning of bottom hole zones Method “A”: 1. To run in of a container being a perforated tubing filled with thermo-chemical elements into the interval of perforation 2. Pumping through of a solution of the hidrocloric acid into the well up to filling the container zone and casing space in the perforated interval 3. Carrying out a technological period up to the destruction of an acid container and thermo-chemical reaction start 4. Pumping of hot products of the reaction into the oil formation

42. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Cleaning of bottom hole zones Method “B”: With the help of geophisycal cable, a container having a perforated head and filled with thermo-chemical reagents containing a detonation cord, is run in the well till perforation zone According to electric charge from surface, a cartridge is fired, resulting in a destruction of the reagent airtight cover and a stormy thermo-chemical reaction with a large amount of heat, gas and liquid chemical reagents. In this case, the presence of an acid is not required. The solid cover completely dissolves without polution the well

43. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Heavy Oil Cleaning of bottom hole zones Method “B”: Liquid hot products heat the formation, that in itself reduces the influence of molecular-surface qualities on the boundaries of different agents separation The reaction products contacts with naphtenics acids by forming surfactants that reduces surface tension, raises wetting qualities of oil hidrocarbons on the oil rock boundaries and enables their better filtration in formation

44. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada Cleaning of bottom hole zones Heavy Oil Method “B”: Besides that, the compounds formed in the process of the reaction, contacts with the sediments of water-non-soluble salts in the fractures and pores of formation, and make them water-soluble compounds The filtration area increases, that lead to the better oil recovery and well production increase Reliability of the method is 100%. The period of positive effect is 1 year or more, well production increase after treatment is 50% and more

45. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC Converter FED motors

46. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC CFM While operating, centrifugal pumps drive kit powered by non-sinchronous submersible motors (NSM) in some liquid sampling conditions, certain technological probles arise. These problems reduce the lifetime of the equipment. Energy increase effects of centrifugal pumps drive kit powered by (NSM), are practicaly eliminated The AC CFM drive kit gives better function, lifetime, energy parameters of drive kit powered by non-sinchronous motor

47. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC CFM The AC CFM drive kit consist of the sinchronous machine with a rotor that runs on permanent magnets, and a coiled stator that is powered using a special alghoritm generated by a control station on earth surface The AC CFM has an option of rotation speed regulation in broads limits. It was developed and commercialy introduced the drive kit with 500-3500 RPM rotation speed. It is possible to use these motors in drive kits with serial production pumps and hydro-protective units

48. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC CFM

49. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC CFM AC CFM features (rotation speed 3000 RPM)

50. Gerencia Tecnología Aplicada AC CFM