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CSE4213 Computer Networks II

Learn about Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and IPv6 addressing techniques, including subnetting, fragmentation, and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses. Understand the format of IPv6 datagrams, extension headers, and header options.

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CSE4213 Computer Networks II

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  1. CSE4213 Computer Networks II Supplementary Material (VLSM and IPv6) Course page: http://www.cs.yorku.ca/course/4213

  2. Variable Length Subnet Mask • Let’s say there is a company with a Class C network 202.145.225.0/24. • Subnet 1 requires 10 hosts • Subnet 2 requires 10 hosts • Subnet 3 requires 10 hosts • Subnet 4 requires 10 hosts • Subnet 5 requires 50 hosts • Subnet 6 requires 100 hosts • How to subnet?

  3. IPv6 Header Format

  4. IPv6 Extension Header • The general form of an IPv6 datagram. Extension headers are optional -- the minimum datagram has a base header followed by data

  5. Example • Two IPv6 datagrams in which (a) contains a base header plus data, and (b) contains a base header, route header, and data. The NEXT HEADER field in each header specifies the type of the item that follows.

  6. IPv6 Options Extension Header • Because the size of the options header can vary from one datagram to another, the HEADER LEN field specifies the exact length.

  7. IPv6 Fragmentation • In IPv4 a router performs fragmentation • In IPv6 a sending host performs fragmentation. How? • A sending host sends a packet to the size of the first link. If a router along the path cannot handle, it will drop the packet and send ICMPv6 packet too big. The sending host then resend with smaller size. • Or simply send a minimum MTU size that all routers should support – 1280 bytes

  8. IPv6 Fragmentation (2)

  9. IPv6 Addressing http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6AddressandAddressNotationandPrefixRepresentati.htm

  10. IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Addresses For devices that speak both IPv4 and IPv6: dual stack http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6IPv4AddressEmbedding.htm

  11. IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses Used for mapping IPv4 devices that are not compatible with IPv6 into the IPv6 address space; it begins with 80 zeroes followed by 16 ones. (only IPv4-capable) http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6IPv4AddressEmbedding-2.htm

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