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Biomed BCT

Biomed BCT.

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Biomed BCT

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  1. Biomed BCT Bioterroism

  2. Bioterroism

  3. The first well-documented use of smallpox as a biological weapon was by British troops in the French and Indian Wars. In 1763 two blankets and a handkerchief laced with smallpox were given to the Native Americans as gifts killing as many as half of the population of the infected tribes. Bioterroism

  4. Bioterroism: violent acts, dangerous to human life that appear to be intended: • To intimidate or coerce a civilian population • To influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion • To affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping Bioterroism

  5. Biological weapons are: • Living microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, that can kill or incapacitate Bioterroism

  6. Bioterroism

  7. Classification • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorize biological agents according to the risk they pose to the public. Bioterroism

  8. Category A : • Those that pose the highest risk (can be easily disseminated and result in high mortality). • Include bacteria and viruses that cause diseases such as: • anthrax, • botulism, • plague, • tularemia, • smallpox, and • viral hemorrhagic fever (such as hantavirus and ebola). Bioterroism

  9. Category B: • pose a moderate risk to the public • can be spread with some ease • can cause a moderate degree of illness • death rates due to these diseases are usually low Bioterroism

  10. Other Types of Agents • In addition to biological agents, chemical or radioactive agents may also be used as weapons of bioterrorism. Bioterroism

  11. Chemical Agents • The CDC classifies chemical agents according to their target activity on the skin, in the lungs, in the gastrointestinal tract, and in the nervous system Bioterroism

  12. Radioactive agents • Colorless, odorless, and invisible to the eye. Bioterroism

  13. Bioterroism

  14. Contamination of food, water, or objects may disable or kill humans and animals and be difficult to trace. Bioterroism

  15. Bioterroism

  16. Symptoms of Radiation Exposure • Symptoms of radiation exposure may include: • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and, depending on the extent of the exposure, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, bruising, and hair loss. • http://www.standeyo.com/News_Files/NBC/radiation.human.body.html Bioterroism

  17. The Pain of Exposure • Exposure can be through ingestion, inhalation, or contamination of an open wound. Bioterroism

  18. Response to bioterroism agents: • New Report: North Carolina Earns Grade of 10 out of 10 on Disaster Preparedness Bioterroism

  19. Internal reporting requirements (within a facility) • Infectious control personnel • Epidemiologist (local and state) • Administration (health care facility and health department) • Office of public affairs in the health facility Bioterroism

  20. External contacts (outside of facility) • Local health department • State health department • FBI • CDC • Local police • EMS Bioterroism

  21. Examine the containment of bioterroism agents • Agents • Containment of agents Bioterroism

  22. Bioterroism

  23. Bioterroism

  24. ANATHRAX PLAGUE BACTERIAL Bioterroism

  25. AnthraxAcute infectious disease caused by bacillus anthracis. Bioterroism

  26. ANTHRAX • Modes of transmission: • Inhalation of spores • Skin contact • Ingestion of contaminated food • Incubation period: • Pulmonary: 2-60 days • Cutaneous: 1-7 days • Gastrointestinal: 1-7 days • Transmission: • Anthrax is not airborne person to person. Direct contact with infectious skin lesions can transmit infection. • Prevention: • Vaccine available-limited quantities. Bioterroism

  27. Infections in humans: • Skin contact – cutaneous, ingestion-gastrointestinal, inhalation-pumonary • Person-to-person transmission of inhalation disease does not occur. * • *direct exposure to vesicle secretions of cutaneous anthrax can result in a secondary infection. Bioterroism

  28. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever Bloody diarrhea, hematemesis Positive culture after 2-3 days Prognosis: If progression to toxemia and sepsis, prognosis is poor. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms: Bioterroism

  29. Local skin involvement with direct contact Commonly seen on head, forearms, or hands Localized itching followed by popular lesion that turns vescular within 2-6 days – develops into depressed black eschar Prognosis: Good if treated with antibiotics. Cutaneous signs and symptoms: Bioterroism

  30. S/S Flu-like symptoms that may briefly improve two to four days after initial symptoms Abrupt onset of respiratory failure Hemodynamic collapse Thoracic edema Widened mediastinum on xray Positive blood culture in 2-3 days of illness Prognosis: Good if treated early. Increased mortality rate if treated after respiratory onset. Pulmonary signs and symptoms: Bioterroism

  31. Anthrax Bioterroism

  32. What bioterrorism agent was sent through the mail to federal agencies in Washington D.C. in October, 2001? • a] Cholera • b] Anthrax • c] Malaria Bioterroism

  33. Plague is an acute bacterial disease caused by yersinia pestis. Signs and Symptoms: Fever Cough Chest pain Hemoptysis Watery sputum Bronchopneumonia on x-ray Plague Bioterroism

  34. Plague • Bubonic plague : enlarged, tender lymph nodes, fever, chills and prostration • Septicemic plague: fever, chills, prostration, abdominal pain, shock and bleeding into skin and other organs • Pneumonic plague: fever, chills, cough and difficulty breathing; rapid shock and death if not treated early Bioterroism

  35. TRANSMISSION • Flea-borne, from infected rodents to humans • Direct contact with infected tissues or fluids from handling sick or dead animals • Respiratory droplets from cats and humans with pneumonic plague Bioterroism

  36. Mode of Transmission: • Plague normally transmitted from an infected flea • Can be aerosol-probable use in bio terrorism • Can be transmitted person to person • Incubation period: • Flea bite – 2-8 days • Aerosol – 1-3 days • Prognosis: Good if treated with antibiotics early. Bioterroism

  37. Bioterroism

  38. All of the following are ways that the plague can be transmitted except: • A) an infected flea • B) aerosol • C) food and or water Bioterroism

  39. http://www.citypaper.com/news/story.asp?id=7379 Plague satisfies all three requirements. A historic terror, the disease decimated one-third of Europe's population in the 14th century. Although initial symptoms of plague are similar to a cold (swollen glands, fever, chills, headache), if the disease progresses, the bacteria can cause internal hemorrhaging and tissue necrosis. The dead tissues eventually become gangrenous, causing the victim to turn black--hence the disease's macabre nickname, "Black Death." The Hot SeatDr. Thomas Butler Had Very Good Reasons for Carrying Bubonic Plague Aboard Passenger Flights--But That Didn't Stop The U.S. Government From Ruining his Life Bioterroism

  40. A) Pneumonic B) Bubonic C) Septicemic The Wyoming Department of Health is investigating how a Boy Scout who visited northwest Wyoming became infected with bubonic plague. Which type of plague is characterized by enlarge, tender lymph nodes Bioterroism

  41. VIRAL • SMALLPOX Bioterroism

  42. Bioterroism

  43. Smallpox • Smallpox is an acute viral illness caused by the variola virus. • Mode of transmission: • Airborne: droplets • direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. • Signs and symptoms: • Flu like symptoms-fever, myalgia • Skin lesions appear quickly progressing from macules to papules to vesicles • Rash scabs over in 1-2 weeks • Rash occurs in all areas at once, not in crops Bioterroism

  44. Incubation period: • From 7 to17 days, average is 12 days • Contagious when the rash is apparent and remains infectious until scabs separate (approx. 3 weeks) • Prognosis: • Vaccine available and effective post-exposure • Passive immunization is also available in the form of vaccina- immune-globulin (VZIG) Bioterroism

  45. Smallpox has a high mortality rate. • Smallpox (also called variola) is the only disease that has been completely wiped out throughout the world. • Smallpox is also potentially one of the most devastating biological weapons ever conceived. • The (WHO) officially declared smallpox eradicated in 1980. Bioterroism

  46. Current locations of smallpox virus: Only two laboratories in the world are known to house smallpox virus: the (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Bioterroism

  47. Why were the British able to infect the American Indians with smallpox Bioterroism

  48. Bioterroism

  49. BOTULISM RICIN TOXINS Bioterrorism

  50. Botulism • Potent neurotoxin caused by an anaerobic bacillus- colstridium botulinum. • Transmission: • Contaminated food • Inhalation Bioterroism

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