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Out of Air

Out of Air. AIR/1. May 2007. We Will Cover. Causes of “Out of Air” situations Options available. AIR/2. Why do divers run out of Air?. Four main reasons: Miscalculation Distraction Overloading Malfunction of equipment What are our options when/if it does occur?. AIR/3.

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Out of Air

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  1. Out of Air AIR/1 May 2007

  2. We Will Cover • Causes of “Out of Air” situations • Options available AIR/2

  3. Why do divers run out of Air? Four main reasons: • Miscalculation • Distraction • Overloading • Malfunction of equipment What are our options when/if it does occur? AIR/3

  4. Monitoring Air Consumption • Surface before reaching reserve • Time • Depth • Estimating with experience AIR/4

  5. Monitoring Air ConsumptionExample Dive: 20 mins at 10m. Start Pressure: 232bar, Final Pressure: 132 bar. 12litre cylinder • Total Consumption 100 bar (1200 litres) per 20mins Dive: as above but to 20m (i.e. 3 bar) • Deeper depth means higher ambient pressure • Deeper depth means higher consumption AIR/5

  6. Octopus Regulator AIR/6

  7. Octopus Regulator Advantages • Quick, simple, easy • Breathe normally on octopus • Uses buddy system Disadvantages • Not every diver has an octopus • If one buddy is out of air, the other is likely to have a limited supply AIR/6a

  8. Pony Cylinder AIR/7

  9. Pony Cylinder • A complete independent dive cylinder with its own regulator • Safer, more dependable than octopus • Independent rescue without aid of buddy AIR/7a

  10. Buddy Breathing AIR/8

  11. Buddy Breathing Advantages • Sharing one regulator and air supply between two divers • Like other methods, it has been used successfully • Uses Buddy system Disadvantages • Some times it has not been so successful • Proper training and practice required AIR/8a

  12. CO2 Cartridge • Banned by CFT for SCUBA* (O.K. for snorkel) *As per CFT Rules & Regulations • Inflates Buoyancy Device when activated • Cannot breathe from buoyancy device • Discard used cartridge and replace AIR/9

  13. Buoyancy Device Mini Cylinder • Used to inflate buoyancy device in an Emergency • Rate of ascent can be controlled • Ensure neck extension • Cylinder contains breathable air • On some buoyancy devices breaths can be obtained via buoyancy device mouthpiece AIR/10

  14. Free Ascent • Drop weight belt • Fin towards surface • Retain regulator in mouth • (more air may be released on ascent to surface) • Neck extension • Exhale slowly and attempt every few seconds to breathe from the regulator AIR/11

  15. Which is Best? • No best method • All tried and proven • Circumstances dictate needs • Training essential AIR/12

  16. Summary • Causes • Miscalculation • Distraction • Overloading • Malfunction • Options • Octopus regulator • pony cylinder • buddy breathing • buoyancy device mini cylinder • spare air • free ascent AIR/13

  17. Summary Check Gauges Regularly AIR/13a

  18. Questions

  19. Should your dive plan always be rigidly followed on a dive? (a) Not when it can be safely changed (b) Yes (c) Don't Know (d) No Question 1

  20. Should your dive plan always be rigidly followed on a dive? (a) Not when it can be safely changed (b) Yes Plan your dive and dive your plan (c) Don't Know (d) No Question 1

  21. How often should you check your contents gauge on a dive (a) At start and end of dive (b) Whenever you think of it (c) Only a couple of times as the dive leader will keep an eye on it for you (d) Every few minutes Question 2

  22. How often should you check your contents gauge on a dive (a) At start and end of dive (b) Whenever you think of it (c) Only a couple of times as the dive leader will keep an eye on it for you (d) Every few minutes Make a habit of regularly checking your instruments. Question 2

  23. Which is the best method of rescue in an Out of Air situation? (a) Pony bottle with own regulator (b) There is none (c) Buddy breathing (d) Free ascent Question 3

  24. Which is the best method of rescue in an Out of Air situation? (a) Pony bottle with own regulator (b) There is none Each situation requires different methods (c) Buddy breathing (d) Free ascent Question 3

  25. If you are ascending rapidly in a free ascent situation, should you:- (a) Hope you reach the surface (b) Hold your fins out to slow down, to prevent an air embolism or decompression sickness (c) Maintain neck extension and breathe out slowly (d) Hold onto your mask to prevent it coming off your face Question 4

  26. If you are ascending rapidly in a free ascent situation, should you:- (a) Hope you reach the surface (b) Hold your fins out to slow down, to prevent an air embolism or decompression sickness (c) Maintain neck extension and breathe out slowly Avoid over-pressure in the lungs and prevent air embolism (d) Hold onto your mask to prevent it coming off your face Question 4

  27. When commencing a free ascent it is important to first:- (a) Drop your weight belt (b) Stop and think about it for a few seconds (c) To ensure your buddy knows what you are going to do (d) Get a good start by pushing off the bottom Question 5

  28. When commencing a free ascent it is important to first:- (a) Drop your weight belt To obtain positive buoyancy (b) Stop and think about it for a few seconds (c) To ensure your buddy knows what you are going to do (d) Get a good start by pushing off the bottom Question 5

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