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Aldehydes and Ketones

Aldehydes and Ketones. NomenclatureIUPACCommonProperties. Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones. Oxidation reactionsHydrolysis of Geminal DihalidesHydration of AlkynesReactions with Acid Derivatives and NitrilesReaction with Carboxylic AcidsReaction with Thioacetals. Aldehydes/Ketones via Oxidation Reactions.

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Aldehydes and Ketones

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    1. Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature Properties Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Carbanion related reactions Spectroscopy

    2. Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature IUPAC Common Properties

    3. Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones Oxidation reactions Hydrolysis of Geminal Dihalides Hydration of Alkynes Reactions with Acid Derivatives and Nitriles Reaction with Carboxylic Acids Reaction with Thioacetals

    4. Aldehydes/Ketones via Oxidation Reactions From Alcohols via PCC From Alkenes via Ozonolysis From Glycols via Periodic Acid Cleavage

    5. Hydrolysis of Geminal Dihalides Formation of Aldehydes or Ketones

    6. Hydration of Alkynes Markovnikov Addition Anti-Markovnikov Addition

    7. Reactions with Acid Halides Aldehydes via Selective Reduction Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride Rosenmund reduction Ketones via Friedel-Crafts Acylation Ketones via reaction with Organometallics Gilman reagent (organocuprates)

    8. Aldehydes from Acid Chlorides Lithium tri-t-butoxyaluminum hydride reduction Rosenmund reduction

    9. Aldehydes from Esters and Amides Diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH or DIBAL-H)

    10. Ketones via Friedel-Crafts Acylation

    11. Ketones via Reaction with Organometallics Use of Lithium dialkylcuprates

    12. Reactions with Nitriles Grignard Addition to give Ketones DIBAH Addition to give Aldehydes

    13. Ketones from Carboxylic Acids Attack by Alkyl Lithium reagents

    14. Ketones from Thioacetals Thioacetal formation from an aldehyde precursor Alkylation of the thioacetal intermediate using alkyl lithium reagents Hydrolysis of the alkylated thioacetal to give ketone product

    15. Characteristic Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Reduction reactions Alcohol formation Alkane formation Oxidation reactions Nucleophilic addition reactions Grignard additions to form alcohols Addition of water (hydration) to form gem-diols Addition of alcohols to form acetals/ketals Addition of HCN to form cyanohydrins Addition of ammonia and ammonia derivatives

    16. Reduction Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Alcohol formation Hydrogenation Hydride reduction Alkane formation Clemmensen reduction Wolff-Kishner reduction

    17. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones Conversion of Aldehydes to Carboxylic acids Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes/Ketones to Benzoic acid derivatives Haloform reaction of methyl carbonyls Periodic acid cleavage of vicinal dials/diketones

    18. Aldehyde / Ketone Oxidations

    19. Aldehyde / Ketone Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

    20. Carbanion Related Reactions Aldol Condensation Self vs. Crossed Claisen Condensation Self vs. Crossed Dieckmann cyclization Reformatsky Reaction Wittig Reaction Carbanion Alkylations/Acylations/Conjugate Addition reactions

    21. Aldol Condensations Self Condensation Crossed Condensation

    22. Claisen Condensations Self vs. Crossed Condensation Dieckmann Condensation

    23. Reformatsky Reaction

    24. Wittig Reaction Phosphonium salt formation Ylide formation Alkene formation

    25. Carbanion Alkylation/Acylation/Conjugate Addition Reactions Malonic Ester Synthesis Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Stork Enamine Synthesis Michael Addition / Conjugate Addition

    26. Malonic Ester Synthesis Formation of alkylated acetic acid derivatives

    27. Malonic Ester Synthesis Acylation/Hydrolysis/Decarboxylation

    28. Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Formation of alkylated acetone derivatives

    29. Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Formation of acylated acetone derivatives

    30. Stork Enamine Synthesis Formation of Alkylated Aldehydes/Ketones

    31. Stork Enamine Synthesis Formation of Acylated Aldehydes/Ketones

    32. Conjugate Addition to ????Unsaturated Systems

    33. Michael Addition Michael Donors Michael Acceptors

    34. Michael Addition Robinson Annulation

    35. Direct vs. Conjugate Addition to ????Unsaturated Carbonyl Systems

    36. Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones Mass Spectrometry Infrared Spectroscopy Pmr Spectroscopy Cmr Spectroscopy

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