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Chapter 2: Genetics Mendel’s Peas

Chapter 2: Genetics Mendel’s Peas. Discreet Units of Inheritance (genes). Genes Inherited Independently (Independent Assortment). Cells. Cell. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Chromosomes. Diploid Organisms Have Chromosomes Organized in Homologous Pairs. Humans have 46 Chromosomes

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Chapter 2: Genetics Mendel’s Peas

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  1. Chapter 2: GeneticsMendel’s Peas Discreet Units of Inheritance (genes) Genes Inherited Independently (Independent Assortment)

  2. Cells Cell Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Diploid Organisms Have Chromosomes Organized in Homologous Pairs Humans have 46 Chromosomes (23 Homologous Pairs)

  3. Cell Division Meiosis Making Sex Cells Mitosis Making Somatic Cells Haploid Gametes (eggs & sperm) Diploid Daughter Cells

  4. Genes: DNAAlleles(different varieties of genes) Homozygous Heterozygous

  5. Terms • Genotype = the particular genes or alleles that an individual has • Phenotype = the observable trait of a individual’s genotype • Dominant = individuals with only one copy of the allele have the same phenotype • Recessive = individuals need two copies of the allele, no effect in the heterozygotes

  6. Mendel’s Peas AgainF0 to F1 Parent Generation (F0) True Breeding for Seed Color Homozygous Genotypes = AA & aa Phenotype = Yellow & Green Meiosis Haploid Sex Cells Sex Heterozygous Genotype = Aa Phenotype = Yellow Daughter Generation (F1)

  7. Mendel’s Peas AgainF1 to F2 Genotype = Aa Phenotype = Yellow F1 Generation Meiosis Sex F2 Generation

  8. Punnett Square A a AA Aa A a Aa aa Genotype = 1:2:1 Phenotype = 3:1

  9. Punnett Square A a AA Aa A A AA Aa Genotype = 1:1 Phenotype = 1

  10. Punnett Square a a Aa Aa A A Aa Aa Genotype = 1 Phenotype = 1

  11. Punnett Square a a Aa Aa A a aa aa Genotype = 1:1 Phenotype = 1:1

  12. Punnett Square 2 Genes/Traits ab ab Aa Aa Bb Bb A B A B Aa Aa Bb Bb Genotype = 1:1 Phenotype = 1:1

  13. Punnett Square 2 Genes/Traits AB Ab aB ab AA Bb AA BB Aa BB Aa Bb AB Ab aB ab Aa bb AA Bb AA bb Aa Bb Aa BB Aa Bb aa BB aa Bb Aa Bb Aa bb aa Bb aa bb Genotype = All Different Phenotype = 9:3:3:1

  14. Crossover

  15. A T G C T A C G DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid Bases: Backbone Is made of Phosphates & Sugars Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Paired

  16. Making an Exact Copy

  17. A T T C G A C C G U A A G C U G G C DNA mRNA Making a Protein Amino Acid 3 Amino Acid 1 Amino Acid 2 tRNA C G G A U U C G A U A A G C U G G C Cytoplasm mRNA

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