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The 13 Colonies

Explore the establishment and development of the 13 original American colonies, with a focus on the New England colonies of Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, highlighting their diverse founders and industries. Learn about the Middle Colonies—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware—known for their varied landscapes and settlers. Finally, delve into the Southern Colonies, including Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, renowned for their agricultural prosperity and slave labor dependency. Understand how these regions contributed to America’s early identity.

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The 13 Colonies

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  1. The 13 Colonies

  2. New England Colonies: Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire • A hilly region, first settled by the Pilgrims in 1620. • Separatists broke away, some jailed • “Pilgrims” leave for America on the Mayflower, followed by Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, Jews, etc. • Pull factor? Promise of religious freedom.

  3. Rhode Island • Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence • Major Industry: Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering) • Major Cities: Providence • Colony Named for: Dutch for "red island" • Became a State: May 29, 1790

  4. New Hampshire • Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and others • Major Industry: Agriculture (potatoes, fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding) • Major Cities: Concord • Colony Named for: county of Hampshire in England • Became a State: June 21, 1788

  5. Connecticut • Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford • Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing) • Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven • Colony Named for: from an Algonquin word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river" • Became a State: February 6, 1788

  6. Massachusetts • Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay • Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding) • Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord • Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word means "large hill place") • Became a State: February 6, 1788

  7. Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Varied landscape, varied settlers Most farmed, but many merchants, shippers and trades people too. Religious diverse; Dutch Calvinist, French, German Lutheran, Presbyterian, Anabaptists and Jewish! Would go on to become prosperous colonies

  8. Delaware • Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and others • Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering) • Major Cities: Wilmington • Colony Named for: named for the Delaware tribe and for an early governor of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr • Became a State: December 7, 1787

  9. Pennsylvania • Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia • Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking, shipbuilding) • Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York • Colony Named for: William Penn and Sylvania, Latin for "forest" • Became a State: December 12, 1787

  10. New York • Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island • Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat) • Major Cities: New York City, Albany • Colony Named for: Duke of York • Became a State: July 26, 1788

  11. New Jersey • Founded: 1664 by English colonists • Major Industry: Manufacturing (ironworking, lumbering) • Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton • Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in England • Became a State: December 18, 1787

  12. Southern Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia • Climate and soil ideal for growing warm weather crops • Agriculture formed the heart, rivers formed the arteries • Crops made many planters wealthy • Slave labor used for plantation work

  13. Maryland • Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and others, at Baltimore • Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo) • Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis • Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta Maria of England • Became a State: April 28, 1788

  14. Virginia • Founded: 1607 by John Smith and others, at Jamestown • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (tobacco, wheat, corn) • Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg, Richmond • Colony Named for: England's "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth I • Became a State: June 25, 1788

  15. North Carolina • Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (indigo, rice, tobacco) • Major Cities: Raleigh • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England • Became a State: November 21, 1789

  16. South Carolina • Founded: 1663 by English colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle) • Major Cities: Charleston • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England • Became a State: May 23, 1788

  17. Georgia • Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and others • Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice, sugar) • Major Cities: Savannah • Colony Named for: England's King George II • Became a State: January 2, 1788

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