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Understanding Fluid Properties: Definitions, Characteristics, and Key Variables

This unit explores the fundamental properties of fluids, defining what constitutes a fluid, including gases, liquids, and their significant characteristics. Key concepts include solubility, flammability, and the effects of temperature and pressure on fluids within a system. Understanding fluid dynamics is crucial for predicting changes in industrial processes and ensuring safety. Concepts such as sensible and latent heat as well as British Thermal Units (BTUs) are discussed in relation to temperature changes. Gain insights into the role of specific heat and how it impacts various processes.

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Understanding Fluid Properties: Definitions, Characteristics, and Key Variables

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  1. Unit 1 Properties of Fluids

  2. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples?

  3. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases

  4. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids

  5. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids • Solids

  6. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids • Solids • Significant Fluid Characteristic : fluids will conform to the shape of the container that they are placed in.

  7. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution

  8. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution Flammability- is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite

  9. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution Flammability- is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite. Gravity- is primarily horizontal flow of a fluidss in a gravitational field that is driven by a density differences.

  10. Importance? Safety – prevent dangerous situations within a system

  11. Importance? • Safety – prevent dangerous situations within a system. • Prediction – operators can anticipate changes (variables) within the system before they happen. • So what are some Process Variables that may have a direct effect on fluids within a plant?

  12. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids

  13. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid

  14. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid Level – volume of fluid

  15. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid Level – volume of fluid Flow – rate at which fluid is allowed to move

  16. Temperature • Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the thee scales • Natural Gas Process Industry most typically uses Fahrenheit • Critical Temperature is the highest temperature at which phase changes for liquids and gases can occur for a substance. • In other words: determines whether a fluid is a gas or a liquid • Sensible vs Latent Heat • Sensible: changes the Temperature of a fluid without phase change. • Why the word “Sensible”? It can be “sensed” by a thermometer. • Latent: is the heat responsible for the phase change of a fluid.

  17. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required?

  18. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required? • ∆ T = 212◦ -100◦ = 112◦ Therefore you would need 112 BTU’s and this would be Sensible Heat. • But what if you now want to convert the water to steam????

  19. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required? • ∆ T = 212◦ -100◦ = 112◦ Therefore you would need 112 BTU’s and this would be Sensible Heat. • But what if you now want to convert the water to steam???? • That same volume of water would require an additional 1000 BTU’s to be completely converted to steam. • What is weird is that your thermometer would still read 212◦ F until there is a complete phase change = Latent Heat • Specific Heat

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