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Walking patterns of adults with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder

Walking patterns of adults with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder. Judith Gentle Supervisors; Kate Wilmut, Anna Barnett, Oxford Brookes University. Typical Walking. Patla, et al. (1991) identified three main requirements for successful walking:

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Walking patterns of adults with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder

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  1. Walking patterns of adults with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder Judith Gentle Supervisors; Kate Wilmut, Anna Barnett, Oxford Brookes University

  2. Typical Walking Patla, et al. (1991) identified three main requirements for successful walking: 1) A pattern of walking that can support the body against gravitational forces. 2) Keeping the body balanced. 3) Adapting to changing environmental demands.

  3. Previous research • Children with DCD are reported to be awkward in their gait, frequently stumbling and bumping into things (Parker & Larkin, 2003). • Children aged 7-9 with DCD have shorter steps, longer double support phase than TD peers (Deconinck et al., 2006a+b). • Children with DCD pitch the trunk further forward than their peers when walking on a treadmill (Deconinck et al., 2006a). • Rosengren et al (2009) found that children with DCD exhibit greater variability in their gait patterns than their TD peers.

  4. Adults? Although motor difficulties often persist to adulthood there have been no studies investigating the walking patterns of adults with DCD.

  5. Walking with DCD I've always been very clumsy, and I constantly walk into things I am always bumping into chairs or tables and bruising my legs. It's annoying because I can see where I'm going and I want to walk straight, but my body just won't cooperate I often get in people’s way when I'm out. I can't always work out where they are going to step next and I nearly walk into them.

  6. Aims • Employ a naturalistic walking task • Examine step characteristics in adults with and without DCD • Quantitatively assess complex aspects of limb coordination.

  7. Participants • 7 adults with DCD aged 18-32 years, 7 age and gender-matched controls • Adults with DCD recruited from the Oxford Brookes Database, assessed in line with the DSM-IV criteria for DCD • Typically Developing (TD) adults recruited from secondary schools and Oxford Brookes University.

  8. Methods Birds-eye view of experimental set-up

  9. Data collection • A VICON 3D motion analysis system tracked the motion of markers attached to the feet, legs, trunk and head. • Data was collected in one direction only, as the participant walked straight towards the 6 VICON cameras.

  10. Data processing Foot measures • Step length, Step width ratio, % time in double support. Trunk measures • Mean maximum vertical and lateral movement of CoM, Velocity.

  11. Results Means, SD’s and significance for walking data across groups

  12. Variability As well as looking at differences between means and variance of the groups, individual variability was investigated for all conditions. • Variability between groups for step length was approaching significance (p=0.066)

  13. Discussion • Maki (1997) found that increased variability of step length, speed and time spent in double support were associated with a greater risk of falling in older adults. • McAndrew-Young & Dingwell (2012) found that changes in step length and step width were predictors of greater risk of falling in younger adults (aged 18-35). They hypothesise that variability in these parameters destabilise the trunk, increasing the likelihood of falling.

  14. Conclusion • There is no evidence to suggest that the walking patterns of adults with and without DCD are different when walking in a predictable environment. • Data from the complete programme of studies will be used to investigate the adaptability of walking patterns for adults with and without DCD under different environmental demands. • Data from the complete sample will be used to investigate the effects of variability within the DCD group.

  15. Thank you. . . Funded by ESRC;

  16. References • Deconinck, F., De Clercq, D., Savelsbergh, G., Van Coster, R., Oostra, A., Dewitte, G., Lenoir, M. (2006)a. Differences in Gait between children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder. Motor Control, 10, 125-142 • Deconinck, F., De Clercq, D., Savelsbergh, G., Van Coster, R., Oostra, A., Dewitte, G., Lenoir, M. (2006)b. Visual contribution to walking in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Child: Care, Health and Development, 32, 711-722 • Maki, B. (1997). Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 45, 313-320 • McAndrew-Young, P., Dingwell, J. (2012). Voluntary changing step length or step width affects dynamic stability of human walking. Gait and Posture, 35, 472-477 • Parker, H., Larkin, D. (2003). Children’s coordination and developmental movement difficulty. In: Development of movement and coordination in children. Eds; G Savelsbergh, K, Davids, J, van der Kamp & S. Bennett. Routledge, London. • Patla, A., Prentice, S., Robinson, C., Neufeld, J. (1991) Visual control of locomotion: Strategies for changing direction and for going over obstacles. Journal of experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,17, 603-634.

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