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第八章 植物生长物质

第八章 植物生长物质. Chapter 8 Plant Growth Substance. 第六节 其他内源生长物质. 油菜素内酯. 一、油菜素甾体类 ( Brassinoids,BRs) Grove(1979) 首次在油菜花粉中分离了油菜素内酯, 其后多种类似物被分离。将这些以甾醇为基本结构的天然活性物质统称为 BRs。. BRs 的生理功能: 促进细胞生长和分裂, 促进光合作用, 增强植物抗逆能力。. The phenotypes of brassinolide-deficient mutants Left: wild-type

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第八章 植物生长物质

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  1. 第八章 植物生长物质 Chapter 8 Plant Growth Substance

  2. 第六节 其他内源生长物质 油菜素内酯 一、油菜素甾体类(Brassinoids,BRs) Grove(1979)首次在油菜花粉中分离了油菜素内酯,其后多种类似物被分离。将这些以甾醇为基本结构的天然活性物质统称为BRs。

  3. BRs 的生理功能:促进细胞生长和分裂, 促进光合作用, 增强植物抗逆能力。 • The phenotypes of brassinolide-deficient mutants • Left: wild-type • Middle: brassinolide-deficient det2 mutants • Right: brassinolide-deficient dim mutants

  4. Bioassay for brassinoidsBRs 诱导稻苗叶片和叶鞘之间夹角的变化,为其典型生理效应,与浓度成比例关系

  5. 二、多胺(Polyamine) 高等植物中的多胺 • 腐胺(Put) NH2(CH2)4NH2 • 尸胺(Cad) NH2(CH2)5NH2 • 亚精胺(Spd) NH2(CH2)3NH (CH2)4NH2 • 高亚精胺(Hspd) NH2(CH2)4NH (CH2)4NH2 • 精胺(Spm) NH2(CH2)3NH (CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH2 • 鲱精胺(Agm) NH2(CH2)5NH C (NH) NH2 生理功能 • 保护酶类免遭热失活稳定细胞结构和成分,提高抗逆能力, • 延缓某些植物组织的衰老。

  6. 精胺和亚精胺合成途径与乙烯的关系

  7. Phenotypic comparison between wild-type and SAM decarboxylase antisense transgenic potato plants • A: 5周龄野生型植株 • B: 5周龄转基因植株 • C:正常薯块 • D:转基因薯块 SAM脱羧酶: 多胺生物合成中的关键酶

  8. 三、茉莉酸类(Jasmonic acid,JA)主要天然形式:JA和JA甲酯 • (-)JA is most important form in higher plants

  9. Biosynthesis of (-)JA • 前体:来自于膜脂的亚麻酸 • Lipoxygenase(脂氧合酶): inhibited by ibuprofen • Allene oxide synthase(丙二烯氧化物合成酶): induced by ethylene, SA, et al.

  10. JA介导植物的伤害反应 • Induction of GUS activity in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants carrying the AOS promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene • A: 烟草,用止血钳夹伤一张叶片(箭头所示) B:拟南芥,用伤害或化学物质处理一张叶片,16小时后染色。

  11. 诱导抗真菌蛋白、植物抗毒素及昆虫蛋白酶抑制剂的形成诱导抗真菌蛋白、植物抗毒素及昆虫蛋白酶抑制剂的形成 起保护植物免遭微生物、昆虫乃至其它生物的伤害

  12. 马铃薯Defenseless突变体不能产生蛋白酶抑制剂,因而对昆虫的抵抗能力下降。马铃薯Defenseless突变体不能产生蛋白酶抑制剂,因而对昆虫的抵抗能力下降。 tobacco hornworm feed on Defenseless Wild type Defenseless Wild type

  13. JA可能是块茎形成的信号物质 • Effect of photoperiod on potato光周期对马铃薯发育的影响 • Left:12 h-L/12h-D • Right: 24h-L/0h-D

  14. Model for studying JA effect on induction of tuberization of potato (1)JA诱导马铃薯块茎形成的研究模式(1)

  15. Model for studying JA effect on induction of tuberization of potato (2)JA诱导马铃薯块茎形成的研究模式(2)

  16. Model for studying JA effect on induction of tuberization of potato (3)JA诱导马铃薯块茎形成的研究模式(3)

  17. Model for studying JA effect on induction of tuberization of potato (4)JA诱导马铃薯块茎形成的研究模式(4)

  18. Model for studying JA effect on induction of tuberization of potato (5)JA诱导马铃薯块茎形成的研究模式(5)

  19. 四、水杨酸类(Salicylic acid, SA) • The main endogenous SAs in higher plants

  20. SA促进呼吸电子沿交替途径进行,使佛焰花序产热SA促进呼吸电子沿交替途径进行,使佛焰花序产热 • 海芋属植物的佛焰花序

  21. The response voodoo lily appendix to application of SA

  22. SA与植物的抗病性相关 • Necrotic lesions on the leaf of resistant tobacco formed in response to infection with TMV

  23. Concentrations of free and conjugated SA in leaves of resistant tobacco after mock and TMV inoculations • Upper: inoculations carried out at 24oC • Lower: inoculations carried out at 32oC,but 10 hours later the plants were transferred to 24oC

  24. 系统(全株)获得性抗性 病程相关蛋白(PR)

  25. Induction of PR1 protein as a function of leaf SA • 提取烟草叶片蛋白,电泳,银染 • 最下排数字代表该叶片中的实际SA含量(ng.gFW-1)

  26. 第一次接种(右)和挑战接种叶片(左)中坏死斑的比较第一次接种(右)和挑战接种叶片(左)中坏死斑的比较 第一次接种诱导了SAR的形成,使其他叶片 获得了抵抗TMV的能力

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