How Dialysis Works for Kidney Failure Patients

1. How Dialysis Works for Kidney Failure Patients Introduction Chronic kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a life-threatening condition where the kidneys lose their ability to function effectively. In such cases, dialysis becomes a vital intervention to sustain life. It is not a cure, but a critical therapy that performs essential kidney functions when these organs can no longer do so naturally. This blog offers a detailed, yet easy-to-understand explanation of how dialysis works, the different types, and what patients can expect during the process. For individuals and families navigating this condition in East Africa, identifying theBest Dialysis Centre in Kenya is crucial for safe, effective, and continuous care. What Is Dialysis? Dialysis is a medical treatment that mimics kidney function by removing waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood. It is recommended when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions due to chronic kidney disease or sudden kidney failure. Why Is Dialysis Needed? Kidneys help regulate: ● Fluid and electrolyte balance ● Blood pressure ● Waste filtration ● Hormone production (like erythropoietin for red blood cells) When these processes fail, patients experience: ● Buildup of waste (uremia) ● Swelling (fluid retention) ● Electrolyte imbalance (which can be fatal) ● Weakness, nausea, and confusion

2. Types of Dialysis There are two main types of dialysis. Each has its own procedures, benefits, and limitations. 1. Hemodialysis This is the most common type. A machine filters waste and water from the blood, usually at a dialysis center. ● Access point: AV fistula, graft, or catheter ● Frequency: 3 times a week (4–5 hours/session) ● Location: Dialysis clinic or hospital ● Supervision: Medical staff present 2. Peritoneal Dialysis This uses the lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter. ● Access point: Catheter in the abdomen ● Frequency: Daily, often multiple exchanges ● Location: Can be done at home ● Independence: More patient-controlled Table: Hemodialysis vs. Peritoneal Dialysis Criteria Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Location Hospital or dialysis center Home-based Frequency 3 times/week Daily (multiple sessions) Duration per session 3–5 hours 30–40 minutes per exchange Machine required Yes Yes (Cycler) or manual bags Diet restrictions Stricter Less restrictive Travel flexibility Less More

3. Infection risk Vascular access infections Peritonitis How Dialysis Works: Step-by-Step Process Hemodialysis Process 1. Vascular Access: A needle is inserted into a vein (usually via a surgically created fistula or graft). 2. Blood Circulation: Blood flows from the body into the dialysis machine. 3. Filtration: The machine filters waste, extra salts, and fluids using a special membrane. 4. Return: Cleaned blood is returned to the patient’s body. Each session may take 3–5 hours, depending on patient needs. Peritoneal Dialysis Process 1. Catheter Insertion: A soft tube is inserted into the abdomen. 2. Dialysate Infusion: A sterile fluid called dialysate is introduced into the abdominal cavity. 3. Waste Exchange: Waste products from blood pass into the fluid via the peritoneal membrane. 4. Drainage: After a set dwell time, the fluid (now containing waste) is drained. This is repeated several times a day or overnight using a machine (automated peritoneal dialysis). Who Needs Dialysis? Dialysis is recommended when: ● Kidney function drops below 10–15% ● Symptoms of kidney failure become severe ● Blood tests show dangerously high waste levels ● There is fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance Common conditions requiring dialysis include: ● Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD Stage 5) ● Diabetic nephropathy

4. ● Hypertensive nephrosclerosis ● Polycystic kidney disease ● Acute kidney injury (temporary in some cases) Signs That Indicate the Need for Dialysis Patients may be candidates for dialysis if they show: ● Persistent nausea or vomiting ● Fatigue and weakness ● Shortness of breath ● Swelling in feet and face ● High levels of creatinine and urea in blood tests Risks and Complications of Dialysis While life-saving, dialysis comes with certain risks: Hemodialysis Risks ● Low blood pressure (hypotension) ● Muscle cramps ● Infection at access site ● Blood clotting or bleeding Peritoneal Dialysis Risks ● Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining) ● Weight gain due to glucose in dialysate ● Hernias from increased abdominal pressure ● Protein loss This highlights why treatment at the Best Dialysis Centre in Kenya is essential—complications are better managed with experienced staff and high-quality monitoring. Patient Lifestyle During Dialysis

5. Dialysis doesn’t end with the procedure. It demands lifestyle adjustments to improve survival and quality of life. Dietary Guidelines ● Limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus ● Control fluid intake ● Increase protein (especially in peritoneal dialysis) ● Avoid processed foods and high-sugar items Mental Health and Support ● Fatigue and depression are common—support groups and counseling can help ● Spiritual care and mindfulness improve coping mechanisms Daily Routine Tips ● Schedule dialysis around other life activities ● Get light exercise—walking, stretching ● Stay socially connected to avoid isolation Benefits of Receiving Dialysis in a Specialized Centre Opting for a reputable and well-equipped center greatly impacts the outcome. At the Best Dialysis Centre in Kenya, patients benefit from: ● Advanced dialysis technology ● Skilled nephrologists and dialysis nurses ● Emergency backup systems ● Patient-centric counseling and support groups ● Infection control protocols ● Timely lab investigations and nutritional guidance Such centers not only prolong survival but also ensure that patients live meaningful, engaged lives despite their condition. Frequently Asked Questions About Dialysis

6. Q1: Is dialysis painful? Generally, no. Patients might feel mild discomfort during needle insertion in hemodialysis or slight abdominal fullness during peritoneal dialysis. Q2: Can dialysis cure kidney disease? No. Dialysis replaces some kidney functions. It is a supportive treatment, not a cure. Q3: Can patients work or travel while on dialysis? Yes. With proper scheduling and support—especially with peritoneal dialysis or in-home hemodialysis—many patients lead active lives. Q4: Is kidney transplant a better option? For eligible patients, transplant is often preferred. However, dialysis serves as a long-term or bridging treatment. Conclusion Dialysis is an essential treatment that allows individuals with kidney failure to live longer and with dignity. Understanding how the process works—whether it’s hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis—empowers patients and families to make informed choices about care. Choosing the Best Dialysis Centre in Kenya ensures that this delicate, life-sustaining procedure is carried out with precision, compassion, and clinical excellence. It also significantly reduces the risk of complications and improves overall quality of life. Kidney failure may change life, but with the right medical support, education, and mindset, patients can still live fully.