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Evolution of Energy Demands: 250 Years of Change and Challenges

Over the last 250 years, the demands for energy have evolved dramatically, influenced by societal needs and technological advancements. The First Law of Thermodynamics highlights that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change form, while the Second Law addresses the decrease in energy quality during conversions. With increasing global standards of living, societies seek diverse energy sources to meet their needs. Historical events, such as oil crises and geopolitical tensions, reveal the complex relationship between energy demands and economic stability, shaping the current energy landscape.

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Evolution of Energy Demands: 250 Years of Change and Challenges

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 1/7 QOD Describe how modern energy demands have changed in the last 250 years.

  2. The History of Energy and our Current situation

  3. First Law of Thermodynamics • First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. • Energy Flows through Systems Sun  Plants  geologic forces  coal  human effort  power plant  electricity  toaster  toast  you  heat, walking around, talking, thinking, etc. • Energy can change form Nuclear light chemicalmechanicalchemical mechanical heatmechanical electrical heatchemical heat, mechanical, sound, chemical, etc.

  4. Second Law of Thermodynamics • When energy is converted from one form to another, a less useful form results (a decrease in energy quality). • Energy cannot be recycled to a higher quality. • Only 20% of the energy in gasoline is converted to mechanical energy. The rest is lost as heat (low quality energy) • Heat is the by-product of most energy conversions

  5. Energy Needs • Energy demands are continually increasing • All societies on Earth want better standards of living • Requires Energy • Diverse sources of energy can meet these increasing demands

  6. Historical U.S. Energy Consumption

  7. 1964 Prediction of Oil Production

  8. Energy and International Politics • As of the mid-1960s, the U.S. was no longer self-sufficient in energy and begins to import oil. • This generates instability in the U.S. economy with numerous "oil crises" • 1973: OPEC embargo in response to western support of Israel • 1979: Iranian Revolution • 1990: First Gulf War • 2000-2001: Deregulation of California energy industry leads to corporate corruption • 2006-2008: Political instability in Venezuela, Iran, and Iraq; increased demand by India and China

  9. Oil Crises & the Economy • A 5% decrease in Imported Oil will cause an Energy/Oil Crisis. • All Oil Crises have resulted in high rates of inflation followed by recessions • In 1998, the U.S. began to import more oil than what it produced domestically. • According to the EIA, the current recession is the result of 2 factors: • 2006-2008 Oil shortage • Sub-prime mortgage crisis

  10. Present Global Energy Use

  11. Worldwide Energy Supply (tW)

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