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Error limits

This guide explains how to determine error limits and the uncertainty of measurements using instruments like scales and graduated cylinders. It provides a step-by-step approach for calculating measurement uncertainty, using examples such as mass and volume to demonstrate how to establish error limits for calculations like density. By understanding your instruments' limitations, you can accurately express the reliability of your measurements and their potential error margins, essential for scientific accuracy.

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Error limits

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  1. Error limits The error limit is the extreme value that you might obtain due to the uncertainty of your instruments.

  2. Determine the uncertainty of your instruments. • If you are using a scale that measures to the nearest .01 g the last digit is unsure. • Your uncertainty would be +/- .01g. • If you are using a graduated cylinder that has gradations to the nearest mL, you estimate the .1 mL and your uncertainty is +/- .1mL

  3. Determine the uncertainty extremes • If you are determining density you have 2 measurements: volume and mass. • You measured mass and got a average mass of 3.45g. • You measured volume and got a volume of 3.5 mL • Your value for the mass could also be 3.44 g or it could be 3.46 g because of the uncertainty of the instrument. • Your value for the volume could also be 3.4 mL or 3.6 mL because of the uncertainty of the instrument.

  4. Determine the Error Limits • For the smallest error limit use the small value for the mass and the large value for the volume. • Example: 3.44g/ 3.6mL =.96 g/mL • For the largest error limit use the large value for the mass and the small value for the volume • Example: 3.46g/3.4 mL=1.0 g/mL

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