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The People of God of the First Covenant

The People of God of the First Covenant. Structuring to the Time of Jesus. Q ā h ā l קהל. Genesis 49:5-7 [at 6]; Numbers 22:2-4a [at 4a]; 1 Samuel 17:45-47 [at 47]; Ezechiel 23:22-24 [at 24]; Ezechiel 23:46-47 [at 46]

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The People of God of the First Covenant

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  1. The People of God of the First Covenant Structuring to the Time of Jesus

  2. Qāhāl קהל Genesis 49:5-7 [at 6]; Numbers 22:2-4a [at 4a]; 1 Samuel 17:45-47 [at 47]; Ezechiel 23:22-24 [at 24]; Ezechiel 23:46-47 [at 46] Numbers 16:23-35 [at 33]; Micah 2:3-5 [at 5]; Jeremiah 26:16-17 [at 17]; Jeremiah 44:15 Deuteronomy 5:22; 9:10; 10:4; 18:16 1 Kings 8:1-14 [at 14; cf. 22, 55, 65]; Nehemiah 8:1-12 [at 2; cf. 17]; 13:1-3 [at 1] Conditions for admission: Deuteronomy 23:1-8

  3. Use in noun phrases • qāhāl yiśrā’ēl: “assembly of Israel” (13x: 5 in Dt History, 4 in Chronicler’s History, 1 in P) • qāhāl ‘adat-yiśrā’ēl: “assembly of the covenant of Israel” (Ex 12:6, P) • qāhāl benê-yiśrā’ēl: “assembly of the sons of Israel” (Nu 14:5, P) • qāhāl yhwh: “assembly of YHWH” (10x: 6 in Dt 23; 2 in P; also 1 Ch 28:8; Mic 2:5) • qāhāl ‘ammîm: “assembly of peoples/nation” 4 x, twice each in P and Ezechiel)

  4. qāhāl hā’ām: “assembly of the people” (Jer 26:17: Ps 107:32) • qāhāl ‘am-hā’elōhîm: “assembly of the people of God” (Jgs 20:2) • qāhāl gôyim: “assembly of [non-Jewish] people” (Gen 35:11; Jer 50:9) • qāhāl merē`îm: “assembly of evildoers” (Ps 26:5) • qāhāl qedôšîm: “assembly of the holy ones” (Ps 89:6[5]) • qāhāl repā’îm: “assembly of the dead” (Prov 21:16)

  5. qāhāl haggôlâ: “assembly of the exiles” (Ezra 10:8) • qāhāl hā’elōhîm: “assembly of God” (Neh 13:1) • qāhāl hasîdîm: “assembly of the pious” (Ps 149:1 • qāhāl yehûdâ: “assembly of Judah” (2 Ch 20:5) • yôm haqqāhāl: “day of the assembly” (Dt 9:10; 10:4; 18:16) • ‘am haqqāhāl: “people of the assembly” (Lev 16:33) • ‘ênê haqqāhāl: “eyes of the assembly” (Lev 4:13) • hatta’t haqqāhāl: “sin offering of the assembly” (Lev 4:21)

  6. Synonyms ‘ēdâעדה: “assembly of the gods, animals, nations, sinners, Israelite cultic assembly especially at the Tent of Meeting during desert sojourn and conquest” ‘am עם: “people = sociocultural designation for the social entirety of Israel”

  7. King מלך • 1 Samuel 8:4-22 • 1 Samuel 15:4-5; 1 Kings 22:29-36; 2 Kings 3:6-12 • 2 Samuel 12:1-6; 14:4-7; 15:2; I Kings 3:16-28 • 1 Samuel 13: 9-14 [at 10]; 14:35; 2 Samuel 6:13, 17; 24:25; 1 Kings 3:4, 15; 8:62; 9:25 • 1 Samuel 14:33-34; 2 Samuel 24:21; 2 Kings 16:10-18 • 1 Kings 8:22-53; 2 Kings 19:14-19 • 2 Samuel 6:18; 1 Kings 8:14 • Conditions for admission: 1 Samuel 20: 30-34 [at 31] / 1 Samuel 10:1-8; 16:13-14; 20:12-16

  8. Prophet נביא • Amos 7:12-15; 1 Samuel 9:9 • 1 Samuel 10: 5-6; 19:18-24; 1 Kings 18:25-29 • 1 Kings 22:6-12; 20:35; 2 Kings 2:3-17; 4:1, 38-44; 5:22; 9:1-11 • Amos 5:21-24; Isaiah 1:11-12, 14-17 • Conditions for admission: 1 Kings 18:46; 2 Kings 3:15; Jeremiah 15:17; Ezechiel 1:3

  9. Priest כהן • “Ordinary” Priest • Judges 17:5-13; Judges 18:3-4, 14-20, 27-31; 1 Samuel 1:1-3; 2:12-17, 27-36; 7:1; 2 Samuel 15:24-29; 1 Kings 2:26-27, 35; 4:1-2; 12:25-33 [at 31]; 2 Kings 23:8-9 • Deuteronomy 33:8-10 • Micah 3:11; Jeremiah 18:18; Ezechiel 7:24 • 2 Chronicles 30:17; Ezechiel 44:11; Leviticus 17:11, 14; 1:14-15; 5:8; Deuteronomy 33:10 • Conditions for admission: Exodus 28:1; 29:1-9; 1 Chronicles 24:1-19; Leviticus 21:16-23

  10. “High” priest הכהןהגדול • Conditions for admission: Numbers 3:32; 25:11-13; 35:25, 28

  11. Levite לוי • 1 Chronicles 23:26-32 • 1 Chronicles 26:1, 19; 2 Chronicles 8:14 • 1 Chronicles 26:20 • 1 Chronicles 16:4-37; Ezra 3:10; Nehemiah 12:27 • 1 Chronicles 23:4; 2 Chronicles 17:7-9; 35:3-15; Nehemiah 8:7, 9 • Conditions for admission: Numbers 4; 8:23-26; 1 Chronicles 23:24

  12. Scribe ספר • Judges 5:14 • 2 Sam. 8:17; 20:25; 1 Chr. 18:16; 24:6; 1 Kings 4:3; 2 Kings 12:9-11; 18:18-37 • Ezra 7:6, 10-12; Neh. 8:1, 4, 9, 13

  13. Socio-Political Divisions • Saducees • Pharisees • Zealots • Essenes • Am ha-aretz

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