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Understanding Organic Compounds: From Hydrocarbons to Polymers

Organic compounds are defined as any carbon-containing substances, with the exception of carbon dioxide (CO2). This category includes hydrocarbons, which consist of only carbon and hydrogen with names ending in “ane.” Hydrocarbons can be saturated or unsaturated, and examples include propane and methane. Structural formulas illustrate the arrangement of elements. Other organic compounds include alcohols, organic acids, and esters, each defined by specific functional groups. Additionally, organic compounds can form polymers through linkages of smaller monomers, leading to long-chain molecules essential in various applications.

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Understanding Organic Compounds: From Hydrocarbons to Polymers

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  1. Section 8-2 Carbon Compounds

  2. Organic Compounds • Any compound with carbon is called organic • Exception is CO2 • Hydrocarbons • Contain only carbon and hydrogen • Name ends in “ane” • Used for fuel (i.e. propane, methane, etc.) • Structural Formulas • Shows arrangement of elements in a compound • Each “-” represents a shared pair • Examples:

  3. Isomers • Same chemical formula, different structure • The hydrocarbon name then begins with “iso” • Examples:

  4. Saturated and Unsaturated • Saturated hydrocarbons have all single bonds • Holding on to the maximum number of hydrogen • Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double and triple bonds • Names end in “ene” or “yne” • Examples:

  5. Substituted Hydrocarbons • Elements and Polyatomic ions can be substituted for hydrogen • Halogen substitution • Freon (CCl2F2): • Trichloroethane(C2H3Cl3) • Alcohols • Hydroxyl group (OH-) substitution • Names end in “ol” • Methanol (CH3OH: • Ethanol (C2H5OH):

  6. More Substituted Hydrocarbons • Organic Acids • Carboxyl Group substitution (-COOH) • Acetic acid (CH3COOH): • Formic Acid (HCOOH): • Esters • Carboxyl and Hydroxyl group substitution • Have fruity smells • Example:

  7. Polymers • Organic compounds can be linked together to form long chain molecules • Small molecules called monomers • Large chain called polymer • Example:

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