1 / 28

Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma

Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation. Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence

noah
Télécharger la présentation

Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Scientific Case for Ultra-intense Laser-Matter Interaction Physics in Solid-density Plasma

  2. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers • - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence • Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments • isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks) • ion induced damage in materials • time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways • extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction • high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks • multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy • Add laser-based multi-species probing to XFEL experiments • - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung,… • Spin-offs • e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets • single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques

  3. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • ns-pulse, kJ-class, ramped compression laser •  create strongly-correlated matter at extreme pressure • Fundamental Goal: • precision & systematic study of P > 5 Mb cold matter • (advance beyond complex, expensive, single-shot laser expts) • Technique, requirements: • ramped-pulse isentropic compression  solid-phase!! • laser-compression, XFEL probe • Rep-rate >0.1 Hz, with 10 Hz desired • Why Euro XFEL: • multi-user => “dedicated” HED beamline • not planned elsewhere (LCLS, SwissFEL, SCSS?) • Scientific Applications: • planetary science • fundamental solid-state • “new chemistry”

  4. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • ultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser • hot-dense matter, and WDM generation • probing of XFEL-driven WDM • initiate dynamic processes & non-equilibrium conditions • Fundamental Goal: • precision & systematic study of near-solid density hot matter • systematic probing directly inside solid-density plasma • (advance beyond complex, single-shot laser expts) • Technique, requirements: • Isochoric heating with laser + XFEL (& laser-) probing • WDM: laser-ions (~1 ps) • WDM & HEDP: laser-electrons, self- & external-B, interfacial shocks • Isochoric heating XFEL (<50 eV) + Laser- probing (complements XFEL split+delay) • Laser-initiation of dynamic & non-equilibrium phenomena in solid plasma (filamentation, transport, heating relaxation, diffusion) • Ultrafast creation & probing • Rep-rate >0.1 Hz, with 10 Hz desired (move beyond complex, single-shot laser expts) • Why Euro XFEL: • XFEL pulse-train-based synchronization to ~10 fs • not planned elsewhere at 100+ TW level

  5. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • ultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser • hot-dense matter, and WDM generation • probing of XFEL-driven WDM • initiate dynamic processes & non-equilibrium conditions • Scientific Applications: • fundamental physics in P-T-r regimes accessed by isochoric heating • WDM & HED plasmas in strong B fields • fundamental study of dynamic & non-equilibrium phenomena in solid plasma (filamentation, e-transport, rad-transport, ionization, radiation, heating, relaxation, magnetic diffusion, anomalous & collisional resistivity) • Goal: Predictive understanding of ultra-intense laser-matter interaction •  control & improvement of laser-ion acceleration, compact radiation sources for application in research, medicine & industry • (e.g., better backlighters, ion sources, ultrafast probing…)

  6. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • ultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser (II) • initiate radiation-induced processes in materials, bio, chemical systems • Fundamental Goal: • access the dynamics of particle-induced damage in materials • study fundamental atomic-level “jump” processes in materials • systematic study of chemical & biophysical processes initiated by radation • Technique, requirements: • Sample irradiation with laser-generated ions, electrons, x-rays, g-rays, neutrons… • (NB: optical pumping does not require TW-PW class) • Probe with XFEL, complementary laser-generated probes (?) • Ultrafast creation & probing • (Rep-rate >0.1 Hz, with 10 Hz desired )? • Key challenge to identify best probing techniques (XANES, EXAFS, diffraction, XCPS?…) • Why Euro XFEL: • 100+ TW for secondary particle & radiation production, not planned elsewhere • GOAL: Predictive understanding of fundamental materials processes at atomic- and nano-scale

  7. Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation • ultra-intense short-pulse PW-class (>100 TW) laser (III) • Strong-field physics • nuclear physics??? • Fundamental Goal: • directly measure polarization of QED vacuum • … • Technique, requirements: • Vacuum birefrigence measured with XFEL x-rays • …. • Why Euro XFEL: • 100+ TW for strong optical fields, not planned elsewhere • …

  8. Pulsed external ~MG magnetic transport inhibitionBakeman et al., Megagauss XI (2007) http://conferences.theiet.org/mg-xi/mgxi-final-v7.0.pdf Electrostatic hot electron confinement using reduced-mass targetsPerez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 085001 (2010) Self-generated magnetic confinementRassuchine et al., PRE 79, 036408 (2009) Interface shock heating in heterogenous solid targetsSentoku et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 122701 (2007) Isochoric heating with laser-accelerated protonsPatel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 125004 (2003) Laser Isochoric Heating

  9. Short-pulse laser heating can access extreme states of matter Hot coronal plasma (collisionless) Relativistic positron-electron "plasma" • Isochoric heating (at depth) • - resistive return current • - electron cascade • (hot  warm  ions) • - electrostatic ion shock • - secondary beam • Confinement to increase Tion, ne+; and to probe EOS • - inertial (e.g., large target heated with ion beam) • - electrostatic (e.g, sheath fields) • - magnetic (external, or self-generated)

  10. H. Yoneda, 2008 WDM Winter School

  11. Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets Current filamentation 1013 A/cm2, > 1000 T, 1013 V/m, ~keV solid density Quasistatic 5000 T fields in shaped targets, electron transport inhibition, enhanced heating J. Rassuchine et al, PRE 79, 036408 (2009) Extreme current densities, magnetized current filaments, and strong quasi-static magnetic fields in ultra-intense laser-matter interactions Extreme Ex • Important for: • Laser-ion acceleration • Isochoric heating • Fast Ignitor physics • Laser-plasma x-ray sources • Magnetized HEDP

  12. Concept – image B-fields by x-ray Faraday rotation with K= 2.629×10-13 M.K.S. units. 5000 Tesla quasi-static field  x-ray Faraday rotation imaging Extreme Ex Channel-cut Si cyrstals: I. Uschmann et al, HI-Jena LCLS-Matter in Extreme Conditions (HEDP) concept paper (04.2009): “Relativistic electron transport, isochoric heating, and multi-MG magnetization in solid density plasma” T.E. Cowan, M.S. Wei et al., (HZDR, UCSD, LANL, LLNL)

  13. Realization – use channel-cut Bragg crystal polarimeter I. Uschmann et al, “Determination of high purity polarization state of x-rays,” ESRF expt. (2010) (5 x 10-10 polarization) Channel cut Si 400 crystal

  14. Open questions & future directions • Begin with proof-of-principal (ride-along desirable) • Imaging through channel-cut crystals appears feasible (in progress) • Collimation requirements (diverging, or collimated with post-magnification) • Feasibility of post-magnification (convex Bragg mirror)? • What is short-pulse laser intensity, pulse energy available at LCLS? • MEC: 35fs/150mJ/800nm; 2-20ns/2x25J/527nm • Interesting directions: • fields in pre-formed plasma during hole boring • radial propagating near-surface fields • filament propagation in solid (ionization, heating, Weibel) • quasi-stationary fields from current filaments • magnetic diffusion (relaxation, >6 ps) • quasi-static resistive fields • material dependence

  15. Example: material dependence (g-1)ne B┴ Zavg • Filamentation in 6×1019 W/cm2, 300 fs, 20 J irradiation of Al, Cu, Au • Resistive B-field evolution: • η - collisional resistivity • in Al, dominant. B  5 MG Individual filaments. • in Au, dominant. B  100 MG Confines net electron flow. • in Cu, both important. Al ± 5 MG Cu ±100 MG Au theo: Y. Sentoku, A. Kemp; exp: J. Fuchs, T.E. Cowan et al ±100 MG

  16. FLASH experiment • Larger Faraday rotation with longer wavelength  FLASH? • RAP Bragg crystal (2d = 26.2 Å). nl = 2d sin(45°) = 1.85 nm (670 eV) • RAP “channel cut” in development at HI-Jena (I. Uschmann) • 3rd harmonic operation, 1.85 nm, 670 eV (flux?) • 10 mm Al sample possible (FLYCHK) • for 10 eV Al, OD = 5 • > 60 eV Al, OD < 1 • Expected signal? Te 10 eV 60 eV 110 eV …. … … 410 eV . 670 eV

  17. FLASH experiment -- cont’d Simulation (T. Kluge, 1 mm thick foil -- transient fields) 4 2 0 -2 -4 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 y z 2 µm x 2 µm laser laser MG α/nedz (µrad/ncµm) Rotation/(density x thickness) Magnetic field Bz Maximum rotation at 250 nc, 1 µm thickness would be ≈ 1 mrad Simulation: 2D3V PIC (picls), 10 nc, 1 µm foil thicknes, 1020 W/cm2. Output taken at 10 fs before pulse maximum

  18. FLASH experiment - cont’d. with K= 2.629×10-13 M.K.S. units. FR image FLASH 3rd harmonic transmission image (Te) RAP analyzer Al foil CPA beam • Expected signal l = 1.86 nm ne = 6x1023 cm-3 = 6x1029 m-3 (solid density hot Al) Bz = 100 T / MG Df = 54.6 mrad * ( B[MG] * Dz[mm] ) for 5 MG & 10 mm, Df = 2.7 mrad (or 50 MG & 1 mm) Df (x,y)≈FR image ÷ transmission image

  19. Electron transport & ionization dynamics Self emission spectroscopy Dt ~ 5-10 ps Space-averaged spectrum Bulk electron temperature Tbulk ( x, y, t ) 2D space-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy with D. Thorn, T. Stoehlker (HI-Jena, GSI), M. Harmond, S. Toleikis (DESY)

  20. Laser pulse Y Electron Beam X-ray pulse Laser-driven electron transport & ionization dynamics Streaked optical emission 1013 A/cm2 , 1013 V/m, >1000 T, ~keV solid density

  21. Collisions, electron diffusion by scattering, and radiative energy loss have now been included in simulation. (Y. Sentoku, A. Kemp, M. Bakeman et al.) Z=6 ni=4•1022 1/cm3 ne=Z•ni Ti(0) = 0 Th(0)= 30keV Tc(0)= 1keV/Z I=2•1017W/cm2 Pulse length = 700fs Target = 10m nh=10•1021 1/cm3 Ion temperatures of several 100 eV, at solid density (Z=6) for up to a few ps, may be possible with the “Tomcat”-Zebra coupling. (Experiments at UNR begun in December 2005.)

  22. NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser atomic nuclear M L conical HOPG 150 TW few Hz t Au / 169Tm / Au target l X-ray Streak • Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture with ultra-intense short-pulse lasers: • 169Tm NEEC at Draco 150 TW laser @ HZDR (Jupiter @ LLNL?) • Isochoric heating to keV temperatures (Sentoku et al, PoP 14, 122701, 2007) • Streaked spectroscopy for 4 ns, 8.4 keV A. Kritcher et al., JINA Workshop, London March 13, 2011

  23. 169Tm layer 4 J, 25 fs < 10 Hz Au layers NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser “Isochoric heating in heterogenous solid targets with ultrashort laser pulses,” Sentoku, Kemp, Presura, Bakeman and Cowan, Phys. Plasmas 14, 122701 (2007) • few keV • 10 g/cc • few ps

  24. conical crystal 150 TW few Hz t Au / 169Tm / Au target l X-ray Streak NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser A Kritcher et al., JINA Workshop, March 13, 2011, London • Potential for 1st observation of NEEC • Short-pulse separates excitation from decay • Repetition rate for signal averaging & systematics • Resolve unknowns, e.g., Lifetime vs. Plasma Temperature • High-rep-rate 150 TW laser “Draco” at HZDR • tamped targets – short-pulse isochoric heating • large collection Bragg spectrometer • Fast X-ray streak, few ps (R. Shepherd) • Slow X-ray streak, few 100 ps (R. Shepherd) • kT ~ keV, t ~ few ps, n ~ solid density, 10 mm3 • Rate ~107 /s, Int. Conv. a=263.5 • Ng ~ (1012 nuclei)(107 s-1)(10-12 s)(1/a) ~ 104 per shot • Signal: (~ few g / shot) × (few shot / s)

  25. NEEC/NEET with Short Pulse Laser Detailed simulations of “shock” heating in CD2/Al/CD2: Lingen Huang, T. Kluge, M. Bussmann, et al. and planning for Callisto (LLNL) experiment: B. Ramakrishna, R. Shepherd et al. 1020 W/cm2 150 fs Longitudinal Electric Field Deuteron Density

  26. Relativistic laser-matter interactions open new vistas… APS Centennial Meeting HighlightsAtlanta, March 1999 Rückstrom Nuclear physics and Anti-matter creation with ultra-intense lasers APS News 8, No. 3, March 1999 e- 3 J / 20 fs 1020 W/cm2 B > 1000 Tesla Pre-formed plasma Fsc ~ 10 MV • At I = 1021 W/cm2 : • Eo ~ I1/2l = 1014 V/m • Bo = Eo/c = 300.000 Tesla • Atoms are ionized and electrons accelerated to >20 MeV in half-cycle

  27. We shall consider gaseous and solid density targets plasma wavelength < pulse length e- (a0=5)

More Related