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Understanding Ohm’s Law: Voltage, Current, and Resistance Explained

Ohm's Law, established by Georg Simon Ohm, defines the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). It states that when temperature remains constant, the resistance of a conductor is stable, and the current flowing through it is directly proportional to the voltage applied. This law allows us to calculate any one of these values if the other two are known. For example, given a 240V supply and a current of 20A, the resistance can be computed as R = V/I, yielding 12Ω. Such calculations provide foundational understanding for electrical circuits.

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Understanding Ohm’s Law: Voltage, Current, and Resistance Explained

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  1. Ohm’s Law Page 306 - 307

  2. Georg Simon Ohm • He experimented with many substances and proved a mathematical link between voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R). • The unit of resistance Ohm was named in his honour.

  3. Ohm’s law states that… • As long as the temperature stays the same: • The resistance of a conductor stays constant • The current is directly proportional to the voltage applied. • In other words, if the voltage increases, current also increases.

  4. Ohm’s Law V I R

  5. Applying Ohm’s Law • If we know two of the values, we can solve for the third! • Example: • An electric stove is connecter to a 240V outlet. If the current flowing through the stove is 20 A, what is the resistance of the heating element? • Identify known quantities: current = 20A, voltage = 240V • Identify the unknown quantity: resistance = ? • Choose the right formula: R = V/I • Solve: R = 240V/20A R = 12 Ω

  6. Example 2 • A 30-V battery creates a current through a 15-Ω resistor. How much current is created? • Identify known quantities: V = 30V R= 15 Ω • Identify the unknown quantity: I = ? • Choose the right formula: I = V/R • Solve: I = 30V/15 Ω I = 2A

  7. Example 3 • A motor has an internal resistance of 40Ω. The motor is in a circuit with a current of 4.0A. What is the voltage? • Identify known quantities: R = 40Ω I = 4.0A • Identify the unknown quantity: V = ? • Choose the right formula: V = IxR • Solve: V = 40Ω x 4.0A V = 160 V

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