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The Solar System. Post workshop materials. You will need. Your copies of your worksheets. Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre. What we are going to do. In The Solar System workshop you performed five experiments all about the different planets
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The Solar System Post workshop materials
You will need... • Your copies of your worksheets Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre
What we are going to do... • In The Solar System workshop you performed five experiments all about the different planets • We are going to bring together all our different results to see what we learnt Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre
This is what scientists do! • Scientists all over the world share their results, just like we’re going to do • Can you think why it is better to collect lots of different results together, rather than just looking at one person’s results? Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre
Jump to an experiment: • Click a link below to jump to that experiment • Gravity Pots • Cratering • Density • Seasons • How do we see? Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre When you see this picture Click it to return to this slide You can also move through the PowerPoint normally, to view all experiments in order
Experiment: Gravity Pots!Where is gravity the strongest? Neptune Jupiter Moon Mars Earth Did you know...? A black hole has more gravity than anything else in the universe! Venus
What is gravity? • All planets have gravity • Gravity gives things weight, which is the force that keeps us on the ground Do you think that weight is a pulling force, or a pushing force?
Weight is a pulling force • Weight pulls everything towards the centre of the Earth!
Gravity on other planets • The strength of gravity is different on different planets • If gravity is twice as strong, things will weigh twice as much Did you know...? If you stood on the Moon, you would weigh 1/6th what you do on the Earth, because the Moon’s gravity is 1/6th of Earth’s!
Your experiment • You weighed 6 containers and matched them up to where they came from Neptune Moon Mars Earth Jupiter Venus
Your results Now download the excel file ‘Gravity Pots’ from the school trips section of our website. Use this to collect the class results together. Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre Click here to link to the file Questions Which space place has the strongest gravity? Which has the weakest gravity? Can you find a pattern?
Were you right? Pot 1 Pot 2 Pot 3 Pot 4 Pot 5 Pot 6 What is the pattern? Venus Jupiter Moon Neptune Earth Mars
Gravity: The pattern • The more stuff a planet is made from, the greater the strength of gravity Get ready to test your understanding!
Test your understanding! Which planet would have the largest gravity? Click on a planet to see if you are right! Uranus = 15 Earths Neptune = 17 Earths Saturn = 95 Earths Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Test your understanding! Harder question: Which planet would have the lowest gravity? Click on a planet to see if you are right! Uranus = 15 Earths Neptune = 17 Earths Saturn = 95 Earths Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
What are craters? • If you look up at the Moon with a telescope, you will see that it is covered in craters Did you know...? The Earth also has some craters, like this one in Arizona, USA
How are craters made? • Craters are made when an object from space (like a rock) smashes into the surface and leaves behind a hole
Do rocks fall to Earth? • Yes! Rocks that fall from space are called meteorites • On the Earth, we are protected from meteorites by the atmosphere (the air) Meteorites get very hot as they fall through the atmosphere and they burn up. This is what causes shooting stars! (Shooting stars aren’t really stars at all – just bits of falling rock!)
Are we in danger? • Our atmosphere protects us from small meteorites because they burn up as they fall • Luckily big meteorites (like the type that could hurt us) are very rare! • Also, there are telescopes looking into space to watch out for any big meteorites that might be coming our way!
Why does the Moon have so many craters? • The Moon has no atmosphere, so it has no protection from meteorites • Every meteorite that hits the Moon, no matter how small, makes a crater!
Your experiment • You dropped an object from different heights onto your planet and measured the size of the crater
Your results Now download the excel file ‘Cratering’ from the school trips section of our website. Use this to collect the class results together. Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre Click here to link to the file Question: Which combination of ball and height makes the biggest craters?
Craters: The pattern • The heavier balls and highest drops make the biggest craters • This is because heavy and fast things hit with more energy Get ready to test your understanding!
Test your understanding! Which space rock would cause the most damage? Click on a meteorite to see if you are right! Ida (15 km across) Gaspra (6 km across) Mathilde (50 km across) Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Test your understanding! Harder question Which space rock would cause the most damage? Click on a meteorite to see if you are right! Ida Size = 15 km across Speed = 100,000 km an hour Gaspra Size = 6 km across Speed = 60,000 km an hour Mathilde Size = 50 km across Speed = 10,000 km an hour Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Floating and sinking • It’s not just size or weight that determines whether something floats or sinks • For example, ships float even though they are very big and very heavy!
What makes things float? • It’s not just size or weight that determines whether something floats or sinks: it’s a combination of the two • It is the amount of stuff within a certain amount of space which determines whether something will float or sink • We call this density
What is density? • Something which has a lot of weight, but in a small space is dense • 1 kg of iron takes up a small space, so iron is dense
What is density? • 1 kg of feathers takes up much more space than the iron! This is because feathers are not very dense
Density in the Solar System The second four planets are much less dense, because they are made of gas The first four planets are more dense, because they are solid and made of rock
Your experiment • You placed objects in water and wrote down which objects floated and which sank Discuss your results Are there any objects groups disagree on? How many people in the class float? How many sink? Why do you think some objects float and some sink in water?
Density: The Pattern • If something is more dense than water, it will sink • If something is less dense than water, it will float Get ready to test your understanding!
Test your understanding! Which planet would float in water? (Density of water = 1,000 kg per m³) Click on a planet to see if you are right! Saturn Density = 687 kg per m³ Earth Density = 5,540 kg per m³ Jupiter Density = 1,326 kg per m³ Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Why do we have different seasons? • It is all because the Earth is tilted in space • The imaginary blue line running through the centre of the Earth is called the Earth’s axis • The Earth’s axis is tilted in space by 23.5°
Your experiment • You used a tellurium to move a model of the Earth around the Sun. You answered questions about the seasons.
Your results • Discuss your answers to the questions • In which season do we have long days and short nights? • When are days and nights the same length? • Why do we have different seasons?
Were you right? • Here are the answers! • In which season do we have long days and short nights? • SUMMER! • When are days and nights the same length? • SPRING AND AUTUMN • Why do we have different seasons? • BECAUSE OF THE EARTH’S TILT... • SOMETIMES WE’RE TILTED TOWARDS THE SUN AND SOMETIMES WE’RE TILTED AWAY!
Seasons: The pattern When we are tilted towards the Sun, it is Summer When we are tilted away from the Sun, it is Winter Get ready to test your understanding!
Test your understanding! Which position shows winter for the UK? Click on an Earth to see if you are right! Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Test your understanding! Which position shows summer for the UK? Click on an Earth to see if you are right! Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Test your understanding! Harder question Which position shows summer for Australia (southern hemisphere)? Click on an Earth to see if you are right! Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
Test your understanding! Harder question Which position shows autumn for the UK? Click on an Earth to see if you are right! Click the Earth to return to the contents page, or click anywhere to continue
How do we see? • Our eyes contain a lens • The job of the lens is to bring together (or focus) light to the back of our eye Did you know...? The front of your eyeball bulges outwards, so it’s not actually a ball shape!
How do we see? • The back of our eye contains the retina • This is the part of the eye that sees the light, a bit like the film in a camera
Why is this important? • It’s important that the lens focuses light onto the retina properly, otherwise we can’t see very well
If the lens in our eyes does not focus light properly, we can place an extra lens in front of the eye to help • These are called glasses (or contact lenses)! Did you know...? The first pair of glasses was invented in Italy in 1286!
