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Transition in Russia

Transition in Russia. Russia’s failure in WWI and the Entry of Communism. Reasons for Russian Defeat in WWI. 1. Russia lacks industrial base to support a modern war. Could not produce the coal, iron, ore, and particularly the steel to succeed.

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Transition in Russia

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  1. Transition in Russia Russia’s failure in WWI and the Entry of Communism

  2. Reasons for Russian Defeat in WWI 1. Russia lacks industrial base to support a modern war. Could not produce the coal, iron, ore, and particularly the steel to succeed. 2. Grave shortages of the essentials of war eg. Boots, rifles, shells, artillery. 3. Poor Military leadership 4. Tremendous casualties on the battlefield. (2 million in Eastern campaigns, 1/3 of a million taken prisoner) 5. High desertion rate, particularily after Czar Nicholas II abdicated in March, 1917. (40,000 a month) 6. Russia lacks a modern railway to move troops and war materials to the fighting front. 7. Russian public turned against the war-they wanted out. (The Czar keeps them in=they hate him) 8. Unselective military call-ups lead to dramatic declines in agriculture and industrial sectors of the economy. 9. The impact of enemy blockades. Germans and Turks are occupying areas that cut off Russia’s natural trade links.

  3. Duma Petrograd Soviet Provisional Gov. Mensheviks Bolsheviks Socialist Revolutionaries Cadets (CD)

  4. Social Democrat Split (1903) • (“minority”) believed socialism could be achieved through gradual and moderate reforms such as higher wages, increases suffrage, and social welfare programs. MAJORITY IN SD PARTY • Open Membership as long as you support the party ideals. • Wanted cooperation with wealthy factory owners to overthrow the Czar. • LESS MEAN AND VIOLENT BolsheviksMensheviks (“majority”) believed that socialism could be achieved through swift, violent, and radical changes to society. MINORITY IN SD PARTY Party membership is to consist only of dedicated, professional revolutionaries. Did not see a reason to cooperate with wealthy groups (BOURGEOISIE) against the Tsar. Didn’t like them anyway. MEAN AND VIOLENT

  5. Not Ready The People Aren’t Ready for Another Revolution..yet Mensheviks and SR’s win a majority of the Petrograd Soviet. Of the 1500 soldiers and workers delegates in the Soviet-Bolsheviks only have 40. Bolsheviks are tiny and rather unimportant at first Only 23,000 people in all of Russia are members of the Bolshevik party. Lenin is in exile.

  6. Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks Middle-class background and well educated. Wanted workers to join the peasants to seize power and establish SOCIALISM Based loosely on the philosophies of German Revolutionary Karl Marx. Came back from exile and immediately gathered Bolshevik supporters and advocated to overthrow Provisional Gov., end war, hand land over to peasants. “Peace, Land, and Bread” “All Power to the Soviets”

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